Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar

A/HRC/RES/61/30No PDF available

Who created this mandate?

A Resolution of the General Assembly, under agenda item 4Human rights situations that require the Council's attention, published in 2026.

What else is in this group?

46 documents · 1994–2026

2026A/HRC/RES/61/30Situation of human rights in MyanmarCompare with earlier document
2025A/HRC/RES/58/20Situation of human rights in MyanmarCompare with earlier document
2024A/HRC/RES/55/20Situation of human rights in MyanmarCompare with earlier document
2023A/HRC/RES/52/31Situation of human rights in MyanmarCompare with earlier document
2022A/HRC/RES/49/23Situation of human rights in MyanmarCompare with earlier document

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What subjects does this mandate have?

9 topics

Accountability Human Rights Human Rights Violations Humanitarian Assistance Internal Security Minorities Myanmar Political Conditions Special Rapporteurs

What does this mandate say?

75 operative paragraphs

Condemns in the strongest terms all violations and abuses of human rights committed by all parties against civilians in Myanmar, including Rohingya and other minorities, before and after the military coup and the declaration of the state of emergency on 1 February 2021;

Also condemns in the strongest terms:

The military coup carried out in Myanmar, the deposition of the elected civilian Government by the Myanmar military and the suspension of the parliament on 1 February 2021, which constitute an unacceptable attempt to forcibly overturn the results of the general elections of 8 November 2020, a halt in the democratic transition of Myanmar and a serious threat to the respect for and protection of human rights, the rule of law and good governance and democratic principles;

The Myanmar military’s attempts to legitimize its coup of February 2021 through the conduct of elections that were neither free nor fair nor inclusive, the election-related aerial bombings and violence that killed and injured civilians and led to increased political imprisonment and the Myanmar military’s so-called Protection of Multiparty Democratic General Elections from Obstruction, Disruption and Destruction Law, which has been applied to prevent and punish political expression and freedom of speech and has resulted in intimidation, arbitrary arrests, political imprisonment and torture and other ill-treatment;

The lack of progress by the Myanmar military in the implementation of Security Council resolution 2669 (2022) and the five-point consensus of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations;

The arbitrary detention, arrest and politically motivated conviction and sentencing of President Win Myint, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, other government officials and politicians, human rights defenders, trade union leaders and members, journalists, civil society members, local and foreign advisers, religious leaders and many others;

The arbitrary detention, arrest and politically motivated convictions, sentencing and executions, including of pro-democracy activists, as well as violent acts, including extrajudicial killings, systematic sexual and gender-based violence and torture, committed against civilians, including healthcare workers, children, teachers, students, lawyers, artists, journalists, human rights defenders and many others, which exacerbate the polarization and violence and worsen the humanitarian crisis in the country;

All executions of political prisoners;

The increasing deliberate, widespread, indiscriminate and disproportionate use of force against civilians, including by air strikes, the indiscriminate and continuous use of lethal force and the misuse of less-lethal weapons by the Myanmar military and the various attacks and killings that have ended civilian lives all across Myanmar, as well as attacks directed at civilians and civilian infrastructure, and indiscriminate attacks, and the violations and abuses, including killings, torture and other ill-treatment and bodily injury, as well as sexual and gender-based violence, committed against the people of Myanmar, including against peaceful demonstrators exercising their rights to freedom of expression, of peaceful assembly and of association;

The production and use in Myanmar of anti-personnel landmines, which can indiscriminately kill and injure civilians, including women and children, long after they are laid, imperil the return of internally displaced persons and refugees and threaten access to livelihoods, food and shelter;

The indiscriminate attacks against children by the Myanmar military;

The suspension and obstruction by the Myanmar military of humanitarian access to affected areas of Myanmar after the March 2025 earthquakes and Typhoon Yagi in 2024 and to Rakhine State after Cyclone Mocha in 2023;

Urges the further provision of principled humanitarian aid to all in need, including through organizations already operating in areas affected by natural disasters, in line with the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence and, where applicable, international humanitarian law, calls upon the Myanmar military and other parties to cease all hostilities, and calls upon all parties to facilitate rapid and unimpeded humanitarian access to all persons in need in all affected regions;

Reiterates its full support for the people of Myanmar and their aspirations for democracy and a civilian government, and calls upon the Myanmar military to end the declaration of martial law, to return to the democratic transition in Myanmar, to end all obstruction to the democratic process in Myanmar and to ensure a free and fair democratic process, including by accepting that all national institutions, including the military, must serve under a democratically elected, fully representative civilian government;

Urges the swift establishment of constructive, inclusive and peaceful dialogue among all parties, in accordance with the will and interests of the people of Myanmar, aimed at restoring democratic governance;

Recalls the obligations of States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty in relation to international humanitarian law and international human rights law, in particular those arising from articles 6 and 7;

Calls upon all States to respect their international commitments and all relevant United Nations resolutions and to cease the illicit transfer and diversion of arms, munitions and other military equipment to Myanmar in order to prevent further violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights, and to refrain, in accordance with applicable national procedures and international norms and standards, from the export, sale or transfer of jet fuel, surveillance goods and technologies and less-lethal weapons when they assess that there are reasonable grounds to suspect that such fuel, goods, technologies or weapons might be used to violate or abuse human rights;

Calls for the immediate and unconditional release of President Win Myint, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and all those who have been arbitrarily detained, charged, arrested, convicted or sentenced on specious grounds, in particular since 1 February 2021, including government officials and politicians, human rights defenders, journalists and other media workers, civil society representatives, legal practitioners, religious and community leaders, healthcare workers, aid workers, academics, teachers, local and foreign advisers and members of student unions and trade unions, and for the military to refrain from future reprisals against released detainees;

Urgently calls upon all parties concerned in Myanmar to fully, swiftly and effectively implement the five-point consensus, including through meaningful and inclusive dialogue among all relevant parties and by ending the violence, and to facilitate a peaceful solution in the interests of the people of Myanmar and their livelihoods, and encourages continued engagement by regional actors to facilitate inclusive political dialogue;

Calls upon the Myanmar military:

To immediately cease all air strikes and the use of arson attacks;

To cease the arbitrary and unlawful arrest and detention of children, to release immediately and unconditionally all children detained in interrogation centres and prisons and to ensure their rehabilitation and reintegration into their families and communities;

To immediately cease and refrain from executions of political prisoners and all other use of the death penalty contrary to international human rights law;

To cease targeting Myanmar citizens outside of Myanmar for exercising their right to freedom of expression, including through the cancellation or arbitrary non-renewal of passports, surveillance, harassment and threats and reprisals against family members remaining in Myanmar;

To cease forced conscription and other coercive recruitment practices, including the intimidation, extortion, coercion or punishment of civilians, particularly youth and their family members, to compel military service;

To cease targeting trade union leaders and members for exercising their right to freedom of association, including through the use of arbitrary arrest, detention, torture, intimidation, the surveillance of workers negotiating wage increases and the deprivation of basic civil liberties, due legal process and institutional recourse, and to fully cooperate with the International Labour Organization and its Commission of Inquiry for Myanmar and implement its recommendations without delay and in line with the resolution adopted by the International Labour Conference on 5 June 2025, at its 113th session;

To repeal the so-called Organization Registration Law, which hampers the delivery of humanitarian assistance, to cease any penalization of individuals and organizations under this framework and to respect and protect humanitarian personnel, including medical personnel, facilities, transport and equipment, so that humanitarian organizations are able to offer principled and inclusive humanitarian assistance, including age-, disability- and gender-responsive assistance, to all persons in need, including internally displaced persons;

Calls upon all parties to the conflict, in particular the Myanmar military:

To respect and ensure full respect for international humanitarian law and immediately cease attacks against civilians, to end violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, and all violations of international law, including of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and human rights abuses in Myanmar, including arbitrary detentions, to hold perpetrators of violations and abuses accountable, including in independent and impartial domestic accountability processes ensuring justice and reparations for victims and survivors, to respect and protect civilians, to allow humanitarian access to affected populations, to show restraint, to cease the conflict and to show readiness to re-engage in dialogue and constitutional reform;

To end violations and abuses against children, including the six grave violations against children during armed conflict, to ensure accountability for these violations and abuses, to guarantee protection to all children in armed conflict, including by stopping and preventing their recruitment into armed forces and ensuring the immediate and safe release of those who have been recruited, and to provide survivors with access to adequate assistance, including access to education and psychosocial and mental health support, justice and reparations;

To immediately end the use of anti-personnel landmines in violation of international humanitarian law, to accelerate efforts to demine, to ensure that amputees are not criminalized as a result of their injuries and to take urgent steps to ensure that victims and survivors have access to life-saving aid, inclusive, non-discriminatory and comprehensive victim assistance and mental and physical rehabilitation as part of broader, urgent measures to protect the rights of persons with disabilities in situations of armed conflict;

To cease, investigate and prosecute, where appropriate, all attacks on schools, universities and other educational facilities and attacks against students, teachers and education personnel, in contravention of international humanitarian law, and to mitigate and avoid the use of schools by armed forces, as appropriate, including through the implementation of Security Council resolution 2601 (2021) of 29 October 2021, noting in this regard the relevance of the Safe Schools Declaration, and by taking measures, such as considering implementing the Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use during Armed Conflict and ensuring safe, non-violent, inclusive, effective and enabling learning environments and quality education for all;

To cooperate with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Special Envoy of the Chair of the Association on Myanmar, including by granting her access to all stakeholders;

To allow and facilitate rapid, sustained and unimpeded passage of humanitarian relief to the entire country, in line with obligations under international humanitarian law, including, where appropriate, through cross‑border and cross‑line modalities consistent with humanitarian principles, with a view to ensuring sustained delivery of life-saving humanitarian assistance by local and international staff members of humanitarian and other relevant international agencies;

Calls for an end to the unjustified use of military tribunals to try civilians and for the right to a fair trial, and recalls the absolute prohibition of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

Urges all parties in Myanmar to ensure the full, equal, safe and meaningful participation of all women, including Rohingya women and women belonging to other minorities, in promoting social cohesion across different communities and in all decision-making processes related to conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding;

Urges Myanmar, in accordance with the order of the International Court of Justice of 23 January 2020 in relation to Rohingya in its territory, to take all measures within its power to prevent the commission of all acts within the scope of article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, to ensure that its military and any irregular armed units that may be directed or supported by it and any organizations and persons that may be subject to its control, direction or influence do not commit, inter alia, any such acts, to prevent the destruction and ensure the preservation of evidence and to report to the Court as ordered on all measures taken to give effect to the order;

Calls for:

A more active role of the United Nations, so as to ensure greater coherence and efficiency of action on the ground and to continue taking action to hold the military accountable for its crimes;

Continued steps and necessary measures to be taken to promote the inclusion, human rights and dignity of all people living in Myanmar, to address sexual and gender-based violence, discrimination and the spread of prejudice, including the spread of disinformation, hate speech and inflammatory rhetoric, including on online platforms, social media and messaging services, and to combat incitement to hatred and violence against ethnic, religious and other minorities, including Rohingya, in accordance with the Rabat Plan of Action on the prohibition of advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, also in line with recommendation 9 of the executive summary of the Independent Commission of Enquiry, including by refraining from engaging in hate speech or encouraging others to engage in hate speech and refraining from implementing measures purported to address hate speech that do not comply with international standards;

The establishment of conditions that would allow for the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of internally displaced persons to their places of origin or to places of their choosing, including through measures to restore freedom of movement to Rohingya, in full consultation with the persons concerned and with the local population, and in consultation also with the United Nations system and relevant civil society organizations;

The establishment of concrete steps towards the creation of an environment conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of all refugees and stateless persons, including Rohingya and other forcibly displaced persons, residing in Bangladesh, also in the light of the bilateral arrangement of return concluded between Bangladesh and Myanmar in 2017, as well as those residing in other host States;

Access to accurate and reliable information, as corroborated by the United Nations and other relevant actors, on the conditions in Rakhine State and in other parts of the country in order to reasonably address the core concerns of all refugees, including Rohingya and other forcibly displaced persons, thereby enabling them to return to their places of origin or places of their choosing in a voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable manner;

Immediate, full, unrestricted and unmonitored access for all United Nations mandate holders and human rights mechanisms and international and regional courts, tribunals and human rights bodies to independently monitor the situation of human rights, including by ceasing Internet shutdowns and lifting all other Internet restrictions, which hinder the flow of information essential for accountability, and measures to ensure that civil society organizations, human rights defenders, lawyers, victims, survivors, witnesses and other individuals have unhindered access to and can communicate with the United Nations and other human rights entities without fear of reprisals, intimidation or attack;

An end to the reclassification of villages where Rohingya and other ethnic minorities were previously located and to the removal of the names of villages from official maps and potential alterations to how the land may be used, and the ceasing, without any delay, of the construction of military facilities in those villages;

The granting of full and unhindered access to the diplomatic corps, independent observers and representatives of the national and international independent media so that they may conduct their work without fear of reprisals, intimidation or attack;

Action to address and document conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence in Myanmar, with the full participation of civil society, particularly women’s rights organizations and women and girls from conflict-affected communities, to prevent such violence, to end impunity, to hold perpetrators accountable and to provide survivors with access to adequate assistance, support services, justice and reparations;

Measures aimed at promoting tolerance, mutual understanding and social cohesion among communities in Rakhine State, including initiatives to strengthen trust and improve intercommunal relations;

Appropriate action to eliminate child and forced labour, including to respond in full to the recommendations made by the Commission of Inquiry for Myanmar of the International Labour Organization and reaffirmed in the resolution adopted by the International Labour Conference on 5 June 2025, at its 113th session, to protect the rights of workers in natural resource extraction and to demilitarize mining regions, and for action to establish an inclusive land governance framework and to resolve issues of land tenure, including by amending relevant legislation, in particular the Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Lands Management Law, in full consultation with relevant groups and ethnic communities, including Rohingya;

Enhanced regional cooperation, including through the involvement of the United Nations, with a view to addressing the rise and increase of transnational crimes, such as trafficking in persons, drug trafficking and online scams;

Stresses the need:

To effectively address the root causes of human rights violations and abuses against persons belonging to ethnic and religious minorities, including Rohingya, including by fully implementing all recommendations made by the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, including those on access to citizenship, freedom of movement, the elimination of systematic segregation and all forms of discrimination and inclusive and equal access to health services, education, livelihood opportunities, basic services and birth registration, in full consultation with all ethnic and religious minority groups, including Rohingya, and persons in vulnerable situations, as well as civil society;

To expedite efforts to eliminate statelessness and systematic and institutionalized discrimination against members of ethnic and religious minorities, in particular relating to Rohingya, by, inter alia, reviewing and reforming the 1982 Citizenship Law, ensuring equal access to full citizenship through a transparent, voluntary and accessible procedure and to all civil and political rights, allowing for self-identification, amending or repealing all discriminatory legislation and policies and lifting all local orders restricting rights to freedom of movement and access to civil registration, health and education services and livelihoods;

To restore the full citizenship status and related civil and political rights of Rohingya and other ethnic and religious minorities, including voting rights and their free and fair participation in elections and other democratic processes, to combat the incitement of hatred and hate speech against Rohingya and persons belonging to other minorities, online and offline, and to publicly condemn such acts and combat hate speech, misinformation and disinformation;

To safeguard those who report violations and abuses and to immediately cease the killing, torture and other ill-treatment, bodily injury and arbitrary detention of all civil society actors, including journalists and media workers, human rights defenders, casualty recorders, lawyers, environmental and land rights activists, health and humanitarian workers, trade union leaders and members, and other civilians;

Stresses the role and the importance of the involvement of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in facilitating political dialogue, encourages regional players to work in that direction, and calls upon all States Members of the United Nations to protect Myanmar nationals within their borders, as appropriate, respect the principle of non-refoulement and refrain from pushbacks and the forced return of persons fleeing Myanmar, in line with international obligations;

Expresses its support for further efforts to implement the five-point consensus, in this regard welcomes the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Leaders’ review of and decision on the implementation of the five-point consensus, and expresses its support for the continued engagement of the Special Envoy of the Chair of the Association in facilitating dialogue and efforts aimed at addressing the crisis in Myanmar, while underscoring the importance of upholding human rights, justice and accountability in the process;

Welcomes the work of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar, and encourages engagement with her, allowing the fulfilment of the mandate as set out by the Secretary-General, including by travelling to the country;

Encourages the international community, in the true spirit of interdependence and equal burden- and responsibility-sharing, to continue supporting Bangladesh in providing assistance to Rohingya refugees and other forcibly displaced persons until a sustainable solution to the crisis is found and until such time as they are voluntarily repatriated to Myanmar in safety and dignity, and to continue providing humanitarian assistance in Myanmar for all affected persons of all communities displaced internally in Myanmar, including in Rakhine State, with particular attention to the needs of women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities, including by adequately funding the Joint Response Plan for the Rohingya humanitarian crisis through urgent resource mobilization, diversification of the donor base and innovative financing, among other things;

Encourages efforts to ensure the meaningful participation and representation of Rohingya in local administrative structures and the consultation and representation of women at all levels of decision-making, including relating to the camp-closure strategy and its implementation in a manner consistent with international human rights standards;

Encourages all business enterprises, including transnational corporations and domestic enterprises operating in Myanmar or that have parts of their supply chain in Myanmar, to implement the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the recommendations made by the independent international fact-finding mission on Myanmar on the economic interests of the Myanmar military, encourages all transnational enterprises to responsibly divest from economic dealings with Myanmar military-owned businesses, and requests the home States of those enterprises to take enhanced measures so that those businesses conduct enhanced human rights due diligence to ensure that their activities do not contribute to or cause any human rights violations or abuses, in accordance with the Guiding Principles;

Welcomes the holding of the High-Level Conference on the Situation of Rohingya Muslims and Other Minorities in Myanmar on 30 September 2025 in accordance with General Assembly resolution 79/182 of 17 December 2024, and calls for increased international financial support for Rohingya temporarily sheltered in Bangladesh and a comprehensive, innovative and concrete plan for a sustainable resolution of the crisis, including efforts to create an environment conducive to the voluntary, safe, sustainable and dignified return of Rohingya Muslims to Myanmar;

Decides to extend the mandate of Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar for a further period of one year, requests the Special Rapporteur to submit a report to the Third Committee of the General Assembly at its eighty-first session and to the Human Rights Council at its sixty-fourth session, in accordance with its annual programme of work, and also requests the Special Rapporteur, supported by additional human rights experts, to continue to monitor the situation of human rights in Myanmar and the implementation of the recommendations made by the mandate holder and by the independent international fact-finding mission and to make recommendations on additional steps necessary to address the ongoing crisis, including through thematic reports and conference room papers;

Encourages the Special Rapporteur to continue to engage with relevant stakeholders, in the region and beyond, through meetings and conferences relating to human rights in Myanmar;

Calls for immediate and full cooperation by Myanmar with the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar, the Special Rapporteur and the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar in the exercise of the mandate, including by facilitating visits and granting unrestricted access throughout the country, and invites all States to facilitate cooperation with the Special Rapporteur, where requested;

Calls upon the United Nations to ensure that the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar is afforded the support and resources in terms of staffing, location and operational freedom necessary to deliver on its mandate, urges all United Nations bodies to collaborate fully with the Mechanism, where possible, and to share evidence to be used in future prosecutions, and all relevant actors in Myanmar and States to cooperate with the Mechanism, to grant it access, including access to witnesses and other information providers, and to provide it with every assistance in the execution of its mandate, and the appropriate protection of confidentiality, security and support for victims, survivors and witnesses in order to fully respect and comply with the principle of “do no harm”, calls for close and timely cooperation between the Mechanism and any future investigations or proceedings by national, regional or international courts or tribunals, including the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice, and in this regard notes the public hearings on the merits of the case of The Gambia v. Myanmar held at the International Court of Justice from 12 to 29 January 2026 and that the Mechanism shared evidence and analysis with both parties;

Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, with the support of specialized experts, to continue to monitor and assess the overall situation of human rights in Myanmar, maintaining focus on accountability regarding alleged violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, as well as the rule of law, to monitor the implementation of the present resolution and previous resolutions with the same title and to make recommendations on additional steps necessary to address the current crisis;

Also requests the High Commissioner, with the support of experts, to continue and strengthen technical assistance to pro-democracy actors and civil society groups in order to increase their protection capacities, and to present updates in the context of his regular reporting to the Human Rights Council;

Recommends that the General Assembly submit the reports of the High Commissioner and the Special Rapporteur to the relevant United Nations bodies, including the Security Council, for their consideration and appropriate action, taking into account the relevant conclusions and recommendations therein;

Reiterates the need to establish a country office of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in Myanmar and to issue a standing invitation to all special procedures of the Human Rights Council;

Calls upon the High Commissioner and the Special Rapporteur to monitor patterns of human rights violations that point to a heightened risk of a human rights emergency, where possible, to share evidence of violations with the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar to support future prosecutions, to continue to bring that information to the attention of the Human Rights Council in a manner that reflects the urgency of the situation, including intersessionally through ad hoc briefings, to advise on what further steps may be needed if the situation continues to deteriorate, in furtherance of the Council’s prevention mandate, and to inform other United Nations bodies as necessary on progress in this regard;

Recalls the Secretary-General’s initiative to take concrete action based on the recommendations contained in the report entitled “A brief and independent inquiry into the involvement of the United Nations in Myanmar from 2010 to 2018”, and invites the Secretary-General to support this work by offering relevant recommendations to enable more effective work in the future and to strengthen the prevention capacity of the United Nations system;

Requests the Secretary-General to call the continued attention of the Security Council to the situation in Myanmar, including in follow-up to Security Council resolution 2669 (2022), and to continue as necessary with concrete recommendations for action towards resolving the humanitarian crisis, establishing the conditions for the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of all refugees and forcibly displaced persons, including Rohingya, and ensuring the accountability of those responsible for mass atrocities and human rights violations and abuses;

Also requests the Secretary-General to provide the Special Rapporteur, the High Commissioner and the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar with the increased assistance, resources and expertise necessary to enable them to discharge their mandates fully;

Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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