iExtracted automatically from each entity’s budget submission.
What does this mandate say?
180 operative paragraphs
I.Introduction 3
II.Attendance 3
III.Opening of the meeting and adoption of the agenda (agenda item 3) 3
IV
Panel on urban planning for climate-neutral and circular homes
and cities (agenda item 4) 5
V.Report on the outcomes of the “In Focus: SDG 11” roundtable
and related recommendations (agenda item 5)6
VI
Report on the outcomes of the Second Forum of Mayors
and related recommendations (agenda item 6) 6
VII
Update on the implementation of the Place and Life in the ECE
– A Regional Action Plan 2030 and activities of the #Housing2030
initiative (agenda item 7). 8
VIII
Emerging needs of the ECE region in the areas of housing,
real estate and urban development (agenda item 8). 9
IX
Promoting access to affordable housing for women
and youth (agenda item 9) 10
X.Matters arising since the last Committee session (agenda item 10 10
XI
Response to the COVID-19 pandemic at city level and building
urban economic resilience (agenda item 11) 11
XII
Sustainable Development Goals Voluntary Local Reviews: measuring progress
towards the Sustainable Development Goals at the local level (agenda item 12) 12
XIII
Implementation of the United for Smart Sustainable Cities
initiative (U4SSC) (agenda item 13) 13
XIV
Activities of the Geneva UN Charter Centres for Sustainable
Housing and Smart Sustainable Cities (agenda item 14) 15
XV.Activities of the Real Estate Market Advisory Group (agenda item 15) 15
XVI.Land administration and management (agenda item 16) 16
XVII
Country profiles on urban development, housing
and land management (agenda item 17) 17
XIX.Update on technical cooperation activities (agenda item 19) 18
XX.Election of the Bureau (agenda item 20) 19
XXI.Other business (agenda item 21) 19
XXII.Adoption of the report and closing of the session (agenda item 22) 20
Annexes
I.San Marino Declaration on Principles for sustainable and inclusive urban
design and architecture in support of sustainable, safe, healthy, socially
inclusive, climate neutral and circular homes, urban infrastructure and cities21
II
Summary of the Forum of Mayors, CUDHLM eighty-third session,
Part I, Geneva, Switzerland, 4-5 April 2022 24
III.Summary of the ‘In Focus: SDG 11’ roundtable, 3 October 2022 27
I.Introduction
1
The Committee on Urban Development, Housing and Land Management (CUDHLM) held its eighty-third session in San Marino from 3 to 6 October 2022. In line with the advice of the Bureau of the Committee, the meeting was held in person only. The meeting was open to the general public and streamed live on YouTube with around 1000 views from the ECE region.
II.Attendance
2
Representatives of the following countries of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) participated: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Malta, Latvia, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uzbekistan.
3
Representatives of the following observers to the United Nations attended: Holy See.
4
Representatives of the following United Nations programmes and specialized agencies attended: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UN-Habitat).
5
Representatives of local and regional authorities from the ECE region, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the private sector, academics from universities and research institutions, and independent experts also attended the meeting.
III.Opening of the meeting and adoption of the agenda
6
In his welcome speech, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Republic of San Marino, Mr. Luca Beccari, welcomed ECE member States, noting his country’s long-standing partnership with the United Nations. He highlighted that the inter-related global challenges of today’s world, particularly COVID-19 and climate change, require countries to work together and pool efforts. Multilateralism and international cooperation, which underpin the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda) are fundamental for promoting and supporting inclusive development. He stressed that the Republic of San Marino believes that dialogue holds the key for overcoming global challenges. This calls for not only common solutions, but also for concrete actions to improve people’s lives and leave no one behind.
7
On his part, the Minister for the Territory, Environment, Agriculture and Civil Protection of the country, Mr. Stefano Canti, commended the rich programme and side events of the CUDHLM eighty-third session. He emphasized that his country is committed to ensuring a simultaneous treatment of the three pillars of sustainability, with a special emphasis on strengthening the relationship between architectural designs and nature. This emphasis is enshrined in the culture of his country, which has been accorded a special status as one of the oldest republics in the world by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
8
Mr. Canti noted that the San Marino Declaration would further the role of practitioners in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and would be a great achievement of this session. Practitioners will sign for the inclusivity, attention to climate change and principles of sustainable urban architecture. He noted that the San Marino Declaration advocates forward-looking solutions to ensure inclusivity and safety in communities as well as attention to biodiversity. He added that he is very proud of the Declaration that has been adopted by the greatest professionals and scholars in the world, including Norman Foster.
9
On his part, the Captain of the Castle of San Marino, Mr. Tomaso Rossini, noted that San Marino has a long tradition of engaging practitioners in urban design. He cited as examples of innovative architectural designs the three watchtowers that date back to the 13th and 14th centuries and the towers of the third wall, among others, which render San Marino the natural birthplace for the San Marino Declaration. He expressed that San Marino would be able to seize this opportunity to become a beacon and an example for other countries. Given its small size, San Marino can also be an excellent example for cities. He highlighted that the Declaration put the right tools in the hands of professionals and espouses trusting their skills to build a sustainable future, while forging collaboration with neighbouring cities for the benefit of developing and protecting the territory of San Marino.
10
In her opening speech, the Executive Secretary of ECE, Ms. Olga Algayerova, thanked the Government of the Republic of San Marino for so generously hosting and closely cooperating with the Committee. She noted that 2022 marks the 75th year since ECE was established, making it one of the longest-standing regional commissions. She emphasized that the Declaration of San Marino provides a practical tool for enabling the realization of the vision of the United Nations Secretary-General of “a stronger, more networked and inclusive multilateral system, anchored within the United Nations”. She added that this session will also deliberate on the objectives, format and frequency of the Forum of Mayors, which has provided throughout its first and second editions a flexible mechanism for ensuring a coherent approach to urbanism, one that involves the local, regional and global levels in a new multilateralism that leaves no one behind.
11
She highlighted that the eighty-third session of the Committee comes at a critical time in the history of this important and dynamic region. During the past year, the region has been witnessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and rising energy prices. She emphasized that cities have been at the centre of emergency response efforts. Even as these complex crises have created difficult challenges, local, regional and central governments across ECE have found creative solutions. This session is about highlighting these solutions as well as supporting joint efforts and collaboration.
12
Following the welcome speeches, the Chair of the Committee, Ms. Doris Andoni (Albania), presented the provisional agenda, which was then adopted with the following amendments:
a
Agenda Item 20: “Election of the Bureau” will be shifted from Thursday the 6th to Tuesday morning, 4 October from 9.30 to 10.00.
b
Agenda Item 6: “Report on the outcomes of the Second Forum of Mayors and related recommendations” will be discussed on Tuesday, 4 October from 10.00 to 11.00.
c
Agenda Item 5: “Report on the outcomes of the ‘In Focus: SDG 11’ roundtable and related recommendations” will be discussed on Tuesday, 4 October from 11.00 to 11.30.
IV.Panel on urban planning for climate-neutral and circular homes and cities
13
In his keynote speech, Architect Norman Foster noted that by 2050, an estimated 2.5 billion people will be living in cities. The San Marino Declaration, with its principles for sustainable, inclusive planning, urban design and architecture, is an ethical equivalent for ensuring social equality and a higher quality of urban lifestyle. He explained that in essence, the Declaration is a manifesto for a global future, and invited all politicians, managers, architects, engineers and developers to join him in endorsing the Declaration, committing to its principles and turning them into action.
14
Following the keynote speech, a panel discussion was held, which brought together the Special Envoy of the United Nations Secretary-General for Road Safety, Mr. Jean Todt; Architect Stefano Boeri, Architect Boeri (Italy); Leader of the Council, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Ms. Susan Aitken; and Ms. Andoni and was moderated by the Director of the ECE Forests, Land and Housing Division, Ms. Paola Deda.
15
Commenting on using the power of architects to reduce traffic accidents and make cities safer, Mr. Todt noted that inadequate transport systems contribute significantly to poor health, increasing car emissions and road accidents. Not having safe and efficient transport also increases social inequality in cities by restricting access to education, jobs and health care. Nowhere is this as critical as in low- and middle-income countries and cities, which, due to rapid population growth are experiencing an ever-increasing demand for transport and access to essential services and opportunities. The unfortunate reality is that infrastructure and service provision cannot always keep pace, and often fail to meet the urgent needs of vulnerable groups, particularly children. These cities are responsible for more than 90 per cent of the world’s annual 1.3 million road-crash fatalities. Many projects around the world have proven the effectiveness of more people-friendly streets. For instance, in the Basque region of Spain, 45 streets were modified to make them accessible for cyclists and emergency and logistics vehicles only. Trams were added and priority was given to pedestrians.
16
Ms. Deda emphasized that advocacy is essential for increasing the role of architects in making cities safer, particularly with regard to implementing policies. Solutions need to be well articulated to be transformative. Architect Norman Foster responded that architects should go beyond established quality standards to create cities that are needed in the future, cities which respond to the people’s needs, leave no-one behind and are resource efficient. Architects should use advocacy to raise awareness about global challenges. They should also educate the young generation on the role of architects in implementing the 2030 Agenda.
17
On his part, Architect Boeri noted that buildings are one of the major contributors to emissions and cities should act as protagonists. There is a need to redefine how cities grow, by promoting reforestation. There is also a need to develop a new concept for architecture along three key pillars: halting soil consumption, encouraging reforestation and aiming for the democratization of energy. In addition, architects should use smart solutions as a tool for slowing down global warming.
18
Commenting on how cities can use the power of architects to transform cities, Ms. Susan Aitken noted that as a post-industrial city, Glasgow has collaborated with architects and designers to rid the city of old buildings. The architects and designers were given the support to work independently and find creative solutions. She highlighted that the San Marino Declaration is a powerful tool for mobilizing the commitment of architects to transform cities and ensure inclusive growth with social justice. She added that deepening the cities’ involvement in multilateral discussions is important for leveraging cities’ influence, including in relation to further engaging architects in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.
19
Regarding the role of civil servants in improving the role of architects in implementing the Declaration, Ms. Andoni emphasized the need for uplifting the policies that have people at the centre, not just for being politically correct, not for metaphors only, but in every practice and action. She added that she strongly believed in the role of the Committee as an exemplary intergovernmental organization to address housing affordability and urban development, through a multi-partnership model that engages mayors as important players.
20
Following the welcome speeches, the Chair opened the floor for comments and amendments to the draft declaration. The Committee then adopted the Declaration of San Marino as amended. The text as adopted is provided in Annex II.
21
Following its adoption, a symbolic signing of the “Principles for Sustainable and Inclusive Urban Design and Architecture” contained in the San Marino Declaration by Architect Norman Foster, Jean Todt, Architect Stefano Boeri, Ms. Susan Aitken, Ms. Andoni, representatives from the Order of Engineers and Architects of the Republic of San Marino as well as representatives of Italian cities and others took place.
V.Report on the outcomes of the “In Focus: SDG 11” roundtable and related recommendations
22
A representative of the Geneva Cities Hub presented the report of the “In Focus: SDG 11” roundtable, which was held in a hybrid format on 3 October 2022, prior to the annual session. The “In Focus: SDG 11” roundtable brought together architects, representatives of city networks, UN-Habitat and other United Nations partner organizations, NGOs and academia to discuss the requisites for ensuring the successful implementation of the Declaration of San Marino. The speakers shared their views on existing challenges to sustainable and inclusive urban design and architecture and how they could contribute to achieve sustainable, safe, healthy, socially inclusive, climate neutral and circular homes, urban infrastructure and cities. A summary of the roundtable is contained in Annex III.
23
The Committee took note of the outcome of the “In Focus: SDG11” roundtable.
VI.Report on the outcomes of the Second Forum of Mayors and related recommendations
24
The Chair of the Committee reminded delegates that at its 112th session, the Executive Committee (EXCOM) of the ECE mandated the Steering Committee (SC) of the Forum of Mayors to evaluate the 2020 session of the Forum and submit the results for the consideration of CUDHLM at its eighty-third session. The results of the evaluation are to provide the basis for the session’s deliberations on the objectives, format and frequency of the Forum, if extended beyond 2022, with a view to submitting a proposal on the future of the Forum for endorsement by EXCOM in 2022 and/or by the seventieth session of the ECE Commission in 2023 (ECE/EX/2020/L.16).
25
She noted that to feed into the evaluation, and pursuant to a decision by the Steering Committee, the secretariat commissioned an independent expert to assist in drawing up a forward-looking scenario for the future of the Forum. The future scenario of the Forum, as informally approved at the Second Forum of Mayors, is contained in document ECE/HBP/2022/1. The document reflects the views and suggestions of the participating mayors from the ECE region and is transmitted to the Committee for its consideration. The main conclusions and recommendations emerging from the evaluation are contained in document ECE/HBP/2020/4 and the entire evaluation report is contained in information document ECE/HBP/2022/Inf.1.
26
She said that to facilitate the discussions by member States about the future of the Forum of Mayors during the CUDHLM eighty-third session, the Bureau requested the secretariat to commission an independent expert to prepare a third document that would contain proposals for reconciling and implementing the recommendations contained in documents ECE/HBP/2022/1 and ECE/HBP/2020/4.
27
The third document was submitted for the consideration of the ECE missions in Geneva on 5 September 2022 during an informal briefing that was held in a hybrid format. The document was revised to take into account the outcome of the discussions. The scenario was submitted for a second round of discussions during a subsequent informal briefing, which was held in a hybrid format on 14 September 2022. The outcome of the second round of discussions was duly incorporated by the secretariat and submitted for a third round of discussions, which was held on 22 September 2022 in a hybrid format. The outcome of the third round of discussions was duly incorporated by the secretariat in a “Draft recommendations from the Committee on Urban Development, Housing and Land Management 83rd session to EXCOM” in information document ECE/HBP/2022/Inf.12.
28
The “Draft recommendations from the Committee on Urban Development, Housing and Land Management 83rd session to EXCOM”, facilitated deliberations of the Committee on the future of the Forum of Mayors.
29
Mr. Eugenio Di Sciascio, Vice-Mayor, Bari, Italy, provided a summary of the Second Forum of Mayors, which is contained in Annex II.
30
Following discussions of recommendations contained in the document above on the future of the Forum of Mayors, the Committee, in line with EXCOM decision ECE/EX/2020/L.16, and based on the results of the evaluation of the Forum of Mayors, recommended to:
1
Continue the Forum beyond 2022.
2
Have the following as objectives of the Forum:
a
To allow for the participation of local authorities and to integrate their strategic plans, actions and joint initiatives for addressing regional and global challenges, including implementing the SDGs, in the ECE intergovernmental processes;
b
To support the implementation of the ECE Housing and Land Management component of the subprogramme;
c
To promote human-centred solutions for supporting the successful implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development;
d
To facilitate the sharing of experiences from cities, including success stories and challenges, in line with the topic of the Forum and within the mandate of the Committee;
e
To contribute to achieving coherence and complementarity between the local, regional and global levels in furtherance of a stronger, more networked and inclusive multilateral system.
3
Format:
4
Frequency:
5
Additional elements:
31
The recommendations above, together with the additional elements, will be transmitted to EXCOM for its consideration.
VII.Update on the implementation of the Place and Life in the ECE: A Regional Action Plan 2030 and activities of the #Housing2030 initiative
32
Member States and stakeholders were informed of the progress in the implementation of the Regional Action Plan and the #Housing2030 recommendations. Mr. Peter Kahn, Associate Deputy Assistant Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development, United States, underlined that sharing best practices, collaboration and innovative solutions will drive improvement for cities everywhere. The United States is implementing public and private integration in a programme called the Low-Income Housing Credit of affordable housing construction and is providing rental assistance through a programme called the Housing Choice Voucher. There was a need to ensure that sufficient funding was in place for the ongoing programme operations to remain successful; at the same time, there is a need to find the resources required to enhance existing programmes to benefit from the recommendations of the Regional Action Plan.
33
Ms. Marie Mohylova, Head, National Recovery Plan Department, Ministry of Regional Development, Czechia, highlighted that the most urgent current issues are housing affordability and housing expenditures on energy. Czechia uses the Regional Action Plan and # Housing 2030 Initiative together with long-term strategies, such as the Housing Strategy 2021+ and the Strategy of Regional Development, and others, to address these challenges. In addition, a good planning system, including spatial planning, is a necessary condition for delivering healthy liveable cities and other municipalities in functional areas. The challenge is to promote a compact city model with efficiently distributed economic activities, social infrastructure and services, delivering affordable housing and preventing urban sprawl.
34
Ms. Zuzanna Lulińska, Chief Specialist, Ministry of Economic Development and Technology, Poland, explained that use of legal and financial tools by local governments has shown that involvement of this tier of government is an effective way to develop affordable housing.
35
Challenges emerged because of the Ukrainian crisis that put pressure on the already stressed housing situation. This is coupled with the energy crisis that Poland is facing this winter. Poland will continue to apply the Regional Action Plan ideas and its main principles in the housing sector in order to overcome these challenges.
36
The Committee took note of activities realized under the #Housing2030 initiative and implementation of the Place and Life in the ECE – A Regional Action Plan 2030: Tackling challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change and housing emergencies in the region, city, neighbourhood and homes.
VIII.Emerging needs of the ECE region in the areas of housing, real estate and urban development
37
The Chair informed the Committee that pursuant to a request by the Bureau, the secretariat prepared a background document on the emerging needs of the ECE region in the areas of housing, real estate and urban development in light of the Ukrainian refugee crisis and the resulting implications for the achievement of the 2030 Agenda. The background document is based on the results of a survey, which focuses on cities belonging to the countries neighbouring Ukraine, namely: Hungary, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania and Slovakia, which are hosting the largest segment of refugees, measured in terms of the number of refugees per head of total population.
38
The secretariat presented the methodology and main findings of the survey. Mr. Ion Ceban, General Mayor of Chișinău, Republic of Moldova; Mr. Dionisie Ternovschi, Deputy Mayor, Ungheni, Republic of Moldova; Mr. Andrej Porawski, Executive Director, Polish Association of Cities; Mr. Tomasz Fijolek, Executive Director, Union of Polish Metropolises; and Mr. Horia Tomescu, Deputy Mayor, Bucharest, Romania; spoke of the challenges posed by the Ukrainian refugee crisis in addition to challenges of COVID-19 recovery and changing urban demography.
39
The experience of these cities offered valuable lessons on overcoming these challenges. The cities were quick to launch extensive emergency and support measures to contain the spread of the pandemic and mitigate its socio-economic impact.
40
Cities and towns reported hosting significant numbers of refugees. Exact data as to the number of refugees who remained in their communities is lacking. The Moldovan and Polish cities tried to record the number of refugees with varying degrees of success. Cities also allocated part of their municipal budgets to cover the costs to provide medical and transportation services, food, clothes and shelter.
41
Mr. Tassos Kriekoukis, Ambassador, Diplomatic Advisor to the Mayor, Athens, Greece, emphasized the need to maximize the synergies between all levels of governments. Cities are working towards fair and inclusive cities and at the same time supporting the most vulnerable groups. Financing instruments, partnerships and self-reliance are needed to achieve resilient and sustainable cities.
42
Mr. Graham Alabaster, Head, Geneva Office, UN-Habitat, explained how affordability, sustainability and inclusiveness of the housing sector have to be at the core of a sustainable urbanization that leaves no one behind. Policy tools and best practices are needed to support policy makers in shaping a more resilient housing system.
43
The Committee took note of main findings of the background document.
IX.Promoting access to affordable housing for women and youth
44
Mr. Stephen Gaetz, Director, Centre of Excellence on Youth Homelessness Prevention, Professor and President of the Canadian Observatory on Homelessness, York University, Canada; and Ms. Melanie Redman, President, A Way Home: Working Together to End Youth Homelessness, Canada, briefed the Committee about their work in support of women and youth. They underlined their willingness to develop guidelines for preventing, responding, monitoring progress of strategies and supporting best practices and cross-systems responses to prevent and end homelessness in ECE member States.
45
The Committee took note of the outcomes of the panel discussion on promoting affordable housing for women and youth.
X.Matters arising since the last Committee session
46
The secretariat presented recent developments in the United Nations, including the High-level Political Forum and ECE, which affected the work of the Committee. The Committee:
a
Took note of the information provided and made recommendations for the future work of the Committee;
b
Took note of the outcomes of ECE sessions, side events and training events at:
i
the ECE 2022 Regional Forum on Sustainable Development (Geneva, 6-8 April 2022);
ii
the High-level Political Forum to assess progress on the implementation of the New Urban Agenda, organized by the President of the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly (New York, 28 April 2022);
iii
H22 City Expo (Helsingborg, 31 May–1 June 2022);
iv
International Social Housing Festival (Helsinki, 14–17 June 2022);
v
Eleventh World Urban Forum “Transforming our Cities for a Better Urban Future” (Katowice, 26-30 June 2022).
XI.Response to the COVID-19 pandemic at city level and building urban economic resilience
47
The Committee was briefed about the Economic Resilience Plans for the Cities of Kharkiv, Ukraine, and Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, which were developed within the context of the United Nations Development Account (UNDA)-funded project “Building Urban Economic Resilience during and after COVID-19” to help the local governments strengthen urban economic resilience and build back better post-COVID-19. Mr. Toktosun Sultanov, Deputy Chairman of the Bishkek City Council, noted that the resilience plan highlighted the need for targeted reform and development efforts to further diversify the city economy; scale up the city’s financial resources as well as overall investment attractiveness; improve the quality of city planning; expand the coverage and functionality of basic public services; and improve connectivity and mobility within the city. The city of Bishkek will be implementing the recommendations contained in the resilience plan. It has established an innovation agency, which is in the process of developing sector-focused investment projects and is maintaining a database of donor agencies in the city. Further, with the support of ECE, the city government conducted a survey to map the informal settlements and then partnered with the Cities Development Initiative for Asia to design a pre-feasibility study for upgrading five informal settlements and supporting job creation in those settlements
48
Ms. Olga Demianenko, Director, Department for Cooperation with International Agencies and Financial Institutions, Kharkiv City Council, noted that the resilience plan was developed before the outbreak of the war. The socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 pales in comparison with the destruction of the city’s basic infrastructure, social services and industrial basis. For example, almost 90 per cent of the schools were damaged (190 out of 220 schools) and the city is in the process of assessing the damage to its industrial sector, which comprised 1000 enterprises. She emphasized that the support of the international community has been critical for the internally displaced Ukrainians. She drew attention to the fact that the city is also facing the challenge of ensuring basic utility services to the Ukrainian refugees that have been returning to the city before winter, a challenge that is complicated by rising energy prices.
49
The Committee:
Took note of the outcomes of the Building Urban Economic Resilience during and after COVID-19 project and its deliverables;
Took note of the outcomes of the ECE-led U4SSC Thematic Group on Urban Economic Resilience in Cities;
Welcomed the activities of the secretariat on the development of the online training portal, the organization of capacity-building activities and testing of the guidelines in pilot cities at their requests.
XII.Sustainable Development Goals Voluntary Local Reviews: measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals at the local level
50
At its eighty-second session, the Committee endorsed the Guidelines for the Development of Voluntary Local Reviews (VLRs) in the ECE region, called for cities to apply the Guidelines, and invited the secretariat to update them based on experiences with VLR development (ECE/HBP/208, paragraph 28).
51
Ms. Hana Daoudi, Secretary to the Committee, presented the revised Guidelines, which were developed by the ECE and drew on the experience gained from the ECE Smart Sustainable City Profiles and the Forum of Mayors, as well as the feedback received from other United Nation bodies. The revised Guidelines support local and regional governments in their efforts to localize the SDGs, starting from the identification of indicators and priorities for developing local actions for accelerating the achievement of the SDGs. Specifically, the Guidelines ground the key performance indicators for smart sustainable cities in a coherent approach, helping governments arrive at agreed-upon integrated, people-centred solutions, which are aligned with national priorities and complement national development efforts.
52
Ms. Raija Hynynen, Senior Ministerial Adviser at the Ministry of the Environment, Finland, said that the ECE guidelines are needed to support the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. She shared the experience of her country in developing VLRs. She noted that Finland has a dedicated body, the Finnish National Commission on Sustainable Development, which is focused on mainstreaming sustainability concerns across policy areas. The Commission, which was established in 1993 and is chaired by the Prime Minister, is now supporting the development of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs). She noted that Helsinki submitted its VLR in 2019, becoming the first city in Europe to do so. The cities of Espoo and Turku published their VLRs in 2020, and three additional cities are slated to present their VLRs in the near future. She noted that Finnish cities, in addition to being supported by the National Commission, follow common guidelines on SDG analysis.
53
Ms. Stephanie Fuerer, Scientific Associate at the Federal Office for Housing, Switzerland, emphasized that cities are essential for ensuring the successful implementation of the 2030 Agenda. In Switzerland, municipalities have broad competencies, including housing and spatial planning, with the central Government offering overarching support when needed (e.g., addressing systemic constraints, helping cities overcome financial constraints and issues of interdependency). This clear approach of decentralization, which accords cities broad decision-making powers, is important for achieving sustainable development, something which the ECE revised guidelines for developing VLRs highlight.
54
Ms. Maris Toomel, Mayor of Jõhvi, Estonia, briefed the Committee on the concrete actions that her city implemented to achieve each of the 17 SDGs.
55
Mr. Spiro Pollalis, Head, Zofnass Programme, Harvard University, United States, noted that the ECE revised Guidelines provide a consistent approach for ensuring policy coherence, which can be adapted to local contexts. He noted that many cities in the United States have produced VLRs using their own approaches, rendering it difficult to compare experiences. He added that using key performance indicators enables cities to pursue evidence-based policies. However, cities often lack data for using indicators; in those cases, cities could use case studies and qualitative indicators to track progress towards the achievement of the SDGs.
56
Mr. Lorenzo Kihlgren Grandi, Director, City Diplomacy Lab, France, drew attention to the importance of VLRs as an important tool for supporting city diplomacy; the ECE revised Guidelines enable this by emphasizing the necessity of addressing local challenges simultaneously with regional and global ones. In fact, VLRs and city diplomacy should go hand in hand. However, he noted, only a few cities have prepared their own VLRs.
57
The Committee:
Endorsed the updated Guidelines for the Development of Voluntary Local Reviews in the ECE Region and called for cities to apply the Guidelines to develop their VLRs.
Welcomed activities of the secretariat on the development of the online training portal, the organization of capacity-building activities and testing of the Guidelines in pilot cities at their requests.
XIII.Implementation of the United for Smart Sustainable Cities initiative (U4SSC)
58
As part of the UNDA-funded project on smart sustainable cities with innovative financing, the secretariat supported the city governments of Podgorica, Montenegro, and Tbilisi, Georgia, in the development of their Smart Sustainable City (SSC) profiles. In addition, with the support of the Government of San Marino, a SSC profile was elaborated for the country. The profiles were developed using the U4SSC Key Performance Indicators for Smart Sustainable Cities.
59
Ms. Hana Daoudi, Secretary of the Committee, presented the updated methodology that was used for developing the profiles, noting that the methodology complements the key performance indicators with an analysis of the legislative basis underpinning urban development. The methodology also features actor-oriented questionnaires for ascertaining the interdependence between local, regional and global challenges. She added that the secretariat was developing additional key indicators to complement the existing ones, drawing on the experiences gained. The additional indicators will include qualitative indicators drawn from the legislative basis underpinning urban development as well as the administrative records of local, regional and central governments.
60
Mr. Tomaso Rossini, Captain of the Castle of San Marino, noted that the achievement of urban development in San Marino was challenged by the centralized system of government. He explained that the Captains of the Castle are tasked with ensuring the successful implementation of national policies, including maintaining relations with the autonomous state companies providing basic utility services. He noted that since cities lack decision-making powers, they do not have a portfolio and have to turn to the central government when in need of major reforms and development initiatives. The decision is, therefore, in the hands of the central Government.
61
Mr. Andria Basilaia, Deputy Mayor of Tbilisi, Georgia, noted that the Smart Sustainable City Profile highlighted several areas that his city needed to address. The most pressing challenges relate to the necessity of moving away from car dependency, renovating the city’s old houses, improving waste management, encouraging friendly urban design and green open spaces.
62
Mr. Ioane Menabde, Head of Spatial and Urban Development Agency, Georgia, noted that the agency was established recently, in July 2022. It was in need of support to deliver on its ambitious goal of fostering synergies between spatial planning and urban development, as well as scaling up collaboration with regional and local level governments.
63
Following the presentations, Ms. Paloma Taltavull de La Paz, Chair of the Real Estate Market (REM) Advisory Group; and REM members Mr. Donovan Rypkema and Mr. Arsen Karapetyan shared their views on the findings and recommendations emerging from the profiles. They also emphasized that they stood ready to help the Government of San Marino and the city of Tbilisi and its Spatial and Urban Development Agency, in their efforts to implement the recommendations.
64
The Committee:
Welcomed the development of Smart Sustainable Cities profiles by San Marino, and Tbilisi, Georgia, and approved the publication of these city profiles as official publications in English and Russian, digital and print;
Took note of preparations under way for developing the Smart Sustainable City profile for Podgorica, Montenegro;
Welcomed the development of the proposal for the “ECE Smart Sustainable City Project Connector” to support investment projects based on the recommendations of the city profiles and invited member States to provide financial and in-kind support to the proposed project.
XIV.Activities of the Geneva UN Charter Centres for Sustainable Housing and Smart Sustainable Cities
66
The Centre of Excellence on Youth Homelessness Prevention suggested several areas of cooperation with the ECE, including: hosting and supporting international events to promote the Charter and connect with potential partners and collaborators; develop training and technical assistance for evidence-based solutions; and building towards a ECE declaration regarding youth homelessness.
67
Centre of Excellence on Sustainable Finance for Infrastructure and Smart Cities proposed collaborating with the secretariat on the thematic issue of green finance for urban development and on implementing workshops on financing sustainable infrastructure and smart cities.
68
Mr. Lorenzo Kihlgren Grandi, Director, City Diplomacy Lab, France, informed the Committee that his organization is in discussion with the ECE about the creation of a Centre of Excellence.
69
The Committee:
Welcomed the activities of the Geneva UN Charter Centres of Excellence which support the Committee in the implementation of the Geneva UN Charter on Sustainable Housing;
Reiterated the role of the Centres of Excellence in the implementation of the programmes of work of the housing and land management component of the Housing, Land Management and Population subprogramme;
Invited the Centres of Excellence to continue their activities in coordination with the secretariat in line with the guidance contained in document ECE/HBP/2016/2 and other relevant guidance on the matter.
XV.Activities of the Real Estate Market Advisory Group
70
The Chair of the Committee reminded delegates that the mandate and the terms of reference of the Real Estate Market (REM) Advisory Group were extended until the end of 2022 pursuant to ECE EXCOM decision ECE/EX2020/L.15 of December 2020. The Bureau of CUDHLM discussed the activities of the Advisory Group and recommended the extension of its mandate until the end of 2024. The REM Advisory Group also developed a draft programme of work for the period 2023-2024.
71
Members of the Group, Ms. Paloma Taltavull de La Paz, Chair, REM Advisory Group; Ms. Carolyn Grimsley, Vice-Chair of REM, Director of MS in Real Estate Development Program, George Mason School of Business, United States; and Mr. Donovan Rypkema, Member of REM, President, Heritage Strategies International, United States, briefed the Committee about activities undertaken since the eighty-second Committee meeting. They also presented the REM revised terms of reference and draft programme of work for the period 2023-2024.
72
Mr. Gary Strong, Member REM, Head, International Fire Safety Standards Secretariat, United Kingdom, reported on the implementation of the International Fire Safety Standards (IFSS) and participation in the work of the ECE Joint Task Force on Energy Efficiency Standards in Buildings
73
The Committee:
Took note of the report on the activities of the Advisory Group since the eighty-second Committee session;
Updated the title of the Real Estate Market Advisory Group to “Advisory Group on climate-neutral, energy-efficient and sustainable buildings and cities”;
Recommended the extension of the REM Advisory Group for 2023-2024 and approved the revised Terms of Reference of the Advisory Group for 2023-2024 and Programme of Work for 2023-2024;
Welcomed the implementation of the ECE International Fire Safety Standards: Common Principles “Safe Buildings, Save Lives” which were endorsed by the Committee at its eighty-first session, in October 2021, including activities of the International Fire Safety Standards Coalition on the implementation of the Global Plan for a Decade of Action for Fire Safety 2022-2032.
XVI.Land administration and management
74
Ms. Hana Daoudi, CUDHLM Secretary, updated the Committee on the implementation of the work programme of the Working Party on Land Administration (WPLA) on behalf of Mr. Fredrik Zetterquist, Chair of WPLA.
75
Mr. Hartmut Mueller, Senior Professor, FH Mainz University of Applied Sciences, presented a study on “Accelerated digitalization and the future role of land administration authorities in the UNECE region and beyond” that was prepared jointly by WPLA, FAO and the International Federation of Surveyors.
76
Ms. Nuria Raga Sastre, Member, REM Advisory Group and Land Registrar, Colegio de Registradores de la Propiedad, Mercantiles y de Bienes Muebles de Espana, Spain, shared her views on the publication.
77
The Committee:
Welcomed the joint publication of the WPLA, FAO and International Federation of Surveyors on accelerated digitization and the future role of land administration authorities in the UNECE region and beyond;
Took note of the activities of the Working Party in 2022 and upcoming activities for 2023.
XVII.Country profiles on urban development, housing and land management
78
Ms. Doris Andoni, Chair, CUDHLM, Head of Housing, Ministry of Finance and Economy, Albania, briefed the Committee on preparations under way to develop a country profile on urban development, housing and land management for Albania.
79
Ms. Elena Szolgayova, Chair, #2030Housing Initiative, briefed the Committee on the key findings emerging from the analysis of Montenegro’s housing policy, noting that the findings will be integrated into the Country Profile on Urban Development, Housing and Land Management.
80
The Committee:
Took note of the information on the progress with the preparation of the Country Profiles on Urban Development, Housing and Land Management of Albania and Montenegro;
Considered the requests from Latvia and Uzbekistan to develop a country profile on Urban Development, Housing and Land Management.
XVIII.Programme of work of the housing and land management component of the Housing, Land Management and Population subprogramme for 2023 and recommendations on key components of the programme of work for 2024
81
Ms. Hana Daoudi, CUDHLM Secretary, briefed the Committee about the implementation of the programmes of work for 2021 and 2022. She also presented the programme of work for 2023 as well as the key aspects of the work programme of the housing and land management component of the Housing, Land Management and Population subprogramme for 2024.
82
The Committee:
Took note of the information on the activities implemented by the Committee under its programmes of work 2021 and 2022;
Adopted the programme of work 2023 and recommended it to the ECE Executive Committee for approval;
Approved the detailed list of activities proposed to implement the 2023 programme of work of the housing and land management component of the Housing, Land Management and Population subprogramme;
Took note of key components of the work programme of the housing and land management component of Housing, Land Management and Population subprogramme for 2024 and provided the agreed recommendations on these components, including modifications proposed by the secretariat;
Approved the proposal for official publications and promotional materials of the Housing, Land Management and Population subprogramme.
XIX.Update on technical cooperation activities
83
Ms. Gulnara Roll, Regional Advisor, ECE Land and Housing Division, briefed the Committee on works under way in support of the cities of Kharkiv and Mykolaiv, Ukraine, within the context of the #UN4Kharkiv Initiative and of #UN4Mykolaiv Initiative. The initiatives were launched to support the immediate reconstruction efforts in the two cities and other human settlements. In addition, the Ministry for Communities and Territories Development of Ukraine has elaborated a draft framework for Plans for the Integrated Rehabilitation of Settlements (Territories), which is expected to be applied by local governments in cooperation with the Ministry and with the support of international partners providing expert assistance, tools and best practices.
84
Ms. Olga Demianenko, Director, Department for Cooperation with International Agencies and Financial Institutions, Kharkiv City Council, Ukraine, explained that the new master plan for her city will be based on a detailed damage assessment as well as lessons learned from the pre-war city plan. She noted that the Norman Foster Foundation is also developing a three-dimensional model of the city to allow for a better understanding of the scale of the damages and inform the city’s new master plan. The emphasis will be on developing a forward-looking plan which reflects the city’s vision to become the centre for its youth. She noted that the city hosts the largest number of universities and intends to become the home for modern information communications technology (ITC) enterprises.
85
Mr. Alberto Cendoya, Architect, Architecture, Design and Technology Unit, Norman Foster Foundation, briefed the Committee on progress made in developing the new master plan for the city of Kharkiv in collaboration with Ukrainian architects and engineers. He noted that the new master plan integrates the city inhabitants’ vision of the city solicited through social media channels in collaboration with the Kharkiv City Council.
86
Mr. Dmytro Falko, Chairman, Mykolaiv City Council, Ukraine, presented the situation in the city of Mykolaiv before and after the war. He highlighted key needs of the city, including sheltering, the provision of clean drinking water, the rehabilitation of the city’s transport system and the resumption of economic life, while ensuring public safety. He noted that in collaboration with One Works, work is under way to develop a new master plan for his city. The new plan will reflect the city’s vision of becoming a major innovative urban hub for a diversified economy.
87
Ms. Ana Paez, Programme Manager, One Works, briefed the Committee on progress made in developing the new master plan for the city of Mykolaiv in collaboration with Ukrainian architects and engineers. She added that the new plan builds on successful experiences in rebuilding war-torn and disaster-stricken countries across the globe as well as the inhabitants’ vision of the city, which were solicited through social media channels in collaboration with the Mykolaiv City Council.
88
The Committee welcomed the activities and advised accordingly.
XX.Election of the Bureau
89
The Committee elected Bureau members, including its Chair and two Vice-Chairs to hold office for 2 years, as follows:
Ms. Doris Andoni, Albania (Chair)
Mr. Giampiero Bambagioni, Italy (Vice-Chair)
Ms. Aša Rogelj, Slovenia (Vice-Chair)
Ms. Marie Mohylova, Czechia
Mr. Regis Farret, France
Mr. Tassos Kriekoukis, Greece
Ms. Veronika Rehakova, Slovakia
Ms. Paloma Taltavull de la Paz, REM Chair, Spain
Ms. Stephanie Fürer, Switzerland
90
Mr. Fredrik Zetterquist, WPLA Chair. will be part of the Bureau, ex officio.
XXI.Other business
91
The Chair reminded of the need for financial support for the activities of the Committee.
XXII.Adoption of the report and closing of the session
92
Mr. Marcello Beccari, Permanent Representative of the Republic of San Marino to the United Nations Office at Geneva, delivered a closing statement. He reiterated his country’s commitment to further collaboration with the ECE.
93
Ms. Paola Deda, Director of ECE Forests, Land and Housing Division, thanked all the support staff of the Kursaal Congress Centre of San Marino, and the ECE team for their efforts towards a successful conference.
94
The Committee adopted its report, containing all decisions taken by the Committee and based on the draft prepared by the secretariat. The Chair reminded delegates that decisions will follow a 72-hour silent procedure for adoption.
95
The Chair announced to delegates that the next Committee session will be held during the first week of October 2023 at the Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. The Secretariat will inform as to the exact dates in due course.
San Marino Declaration on Principles for sustainable and inclusive urban design and architecture in support of sustainable, safe, healthy, socially inclusive, climate neutral and circular homes, urban infrastructure and cities
1
We, the participants at the eighty-third session of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) Committee on Urban Development, Housing and Land Management, assembled on 3-6 October 2022 in San Marino, with a dedicated focus on addressing the social, economic and environmental dimensions of housing, land management and urban development, commit to bolstering the roles of architects, engineers, surveyors, urban planners and designers in ensuring sustainable, safe, healthy, socially inclusive, climate-neutral and encouraging circularity in homes, urban infrastructure and cities.
2
In this regard, we recall:
a
The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 70/1 of September 2015 Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which stresses the need for a comprehensive, people-centred approach so as to leave no one behind and ensure policy coherence across all the integrated and indivisible Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including Goal 11 aimed at making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable;
b
The United Nations New Urban Agenda, adopted at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), on 20 October 2016, in Quito, Ecuador, and endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly, at its sixty-eighth plenary meeting of the seventy-first session, on 23 December 2016, with a view to providing a universal action-oriented framework for mobilizing Member States and other stakeholders to drive sustainable urban development at the local level, the implementation of which contributes to the localization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in an integrated manner and to the achievement of all the SDGs, including Goal 11 and its associated targets;
c
The Geneva UN Charter on Sustainable Housing, endorsed by ECE on 16 April 2015, to support governments in their efforts to ensure access to decent, adequate, affordable and healthy housing for all through effective policies and actions at the national, regional and international levels, supported by international cooperation;
d
The Place and Life in the ECE - A Regional Action Plan 2030: Tackling challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic, climate and housing emergencies in region, city, neighbourhood and homes, adopted by ECE on 6 October 2021 to contribute to making housing in the ECE region more affordable, decent, safe, accessible and climate-neutral and to integrating housing policies into urban development policies and initiatives;
e
The report of the United Nations Secretary-General, entitled Our Common Agenda of 10 September 2021 which provides a forward-looking vision of the future of global cooperation with 90 action-oriented proposals for reinvigorating inclusive, networked, and effective multilateralism; and the subsequent General Assembly resolution Follow-up to the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Our Common Agenda” (A/RES/76/6) of November 2021, which requested the United Nations Secretary-General to engage Member States, the United Nations and development partners in further consultations on the report’s proposals.
3
We also recognize that, by 2050, an estimated 68 per cent of the world’s population will live in urban areas, and that North America (about 83 per cent) and Europe (75 per cent) are among the most urbanized regions.
4
With this in mind, we concur that:
a
Sustainable and inclusive urbanization require creative solutions for ensuring that homes, buildings, urban infrastructures and cities become increasingly more sustainable, safe, healthy, socially inclusive, culturally sensitive, climate-neutral and circular.
b
Urban design and architecture, by virtue of shaping homes, buildings, urban infrastructures and cities, should become an integral part of the much-needed creative solutions for sustainable and inclusive urbanization and for addressing development challenges caused by population growth and demographic shifts.
c
Mayors and civic leaders, architects, engineers, urban planners, designers, surveyors, and building managers, the creative driving force of urban transformation, hold the key to a more sustainable and inclusive urban future.
5
We, therefore, invite city mayors, architects, engineers, urban planners, designers, surveyors, building and city managers, developers and infrastructure operators around the world to:
a
Commit to translating the San Marino Declaration into action through signing the below integrated and indivisible Principles;
b
Engage to promote the Declaration and its Principles through their work and networks, including in support of related national legislation, as appropriate;
6
We also agree that every city, urban infrastructure and building should be designed in line with the following integrated and indivisible “Principles for Sustainable and Inclusive Urban Design and Architecture”:
a
People-centrality, social responsibility and inclusivity: Urban planning, design and architecture need to foster and support social responsibility and integrate diversity and equality through due consideration of the needs of individuals and households across all races, age groups, gender, cultures, abilities and income levels, including intergenerational planning.
b
Cultural identity, values and heritage: Urban planning, design and architecture should respect the identity and cultural heritage of places and buildings as well as the cultural values and traditions of communities.
c
Resource efficiency and circularity: Every city, urban infrastructure and building should be designed in a way that limits the use of energy, uses only sustainable energy sources, reuses rainwater and limits the use of other natural resources and reduces resource losses. In addition, every city, urban infrastructure and building should, to the extent possible, by design: use recycled materials; reuse and requalify spaces; reduce the production of waste reuse water; and encourage food production through urban agriculture, orchards and food forests.
d
Safety and health: Every city, urban infrastructure and building should be based on internationally recognized quality standards as well as safety standards for workers and citizens, including fire safety. Homes should provide a comfortable, safe and healthy living space, while cities and urban spaces should be designed with the imperatives of ensuring the safety and health of citizens; providing safe and sustainable mobility systems, including rail, road, inland waterways as well as walking and meeting spaces, green areas and urban forests that are accessible to all. Port cities need to ensure that port facilities are up to international transport and safety standards.
e
Respect for nature and natural systems and processes: Every city, urban infrastructure and building should be designed in a way that limits its impact on the ecosystem of surrounding spaces, including by respecting plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and natural habitats. This implies conducting ex-ante environmental impact assessments, allowing spaces for biodiversity and using natural materials as well as low impact production assembling and dismantling processes.
f
Climate neutrality: Cities, urban infrastructure and buildings should be designed and requalified to minimize the associated climate footprint, by adopting creative solutions that reduce pollution and energy use; phase out unsustainable mobility systems; use modern, energy-efficient, climate-neutral systems; and integrate green energy generation systems in city designs and buildings.
g
People-smartness: Technology and smart information and communications technology solutions should be used to improve liveability, including the most socially disadvantaged, bolster transparency and curb corruption.
h
Resilience, durability, functionality and foresight: City and architectural design should support solutions that make homes, buildings and urban spaces resilient to natural disasters, especially those caused by climate change, including hurricanes, droughts and wildfires, flooding and high winds; and making buildings and infrastructures durable and flexible, incorporating spatial adaptability to accommodate new conditions and usages over time.
i
Affordability and accessibility: Cities and homes need to be affordable and accessible to all citizens. Designers need to keep this factor in mind and design high-quality environments for meeting the needs of all citizens.
j
Inter-disciplinary cooperation and networking: Cities and urban spaces should be designed to foster cohabitation, community engagement, solidarity and social cohesion taking into account the needs of citizens across all races, age groups, gender, cultures, abilities and income levels;
k
Engagement: Consultation with and participation of the local communities is essential for any urban project, including small, medium and large-scale projects. Continuous engagement with various stakeholders, including longitudinal research, will foster trust, ensure responsiveness to the needs of all citizens, and consolidate shared ownership of the city’s future.
Summary of the Forum of Mayors, CUDHLM eighty-third session, Part I, Geneva, Switzerland, 4-5 April 2022
1
The Second Forum of Mayors took place from 4-5 April 2022 at the Palais des Nations, in Geneva, Switzerland, back-to-back with the Regional Forum on Sustainable Development (RFSD) in the ECE region as mandated by EXCOM (ECE/EX/2020/L.16). It constituted Part I of CUDHLM eighty-third session and the full report of the Committee session will be adopted in San Marino on 3-6 October 2022 in accordance with CUDHLM agenda.
2
The Second Forum of Mayors was held in hybrid format under the theme “Recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic while advancing the implementation of the SDGs” and was chaired by the Chair of CUDHLM, Doris Andoni. It brought together over 500 online and in-person participants representing cities and member States from across the Economic Commission for Europe region and beyond, the United Nations Regional Commissions and specialized organizations, non-governmental organizations and academia. Mayors and vice mayors from 44 cities shared their experiences in finding people-centered solutions that simultaneously meet the needs and aspirations of their citizens, hedge against disasters and rise to the climate change challenge in a manner that ensures the successful implementation of the 2030 Agenda. These experiences were shared under four thematic sessions, focusing on the following global challenges identified in the Geneva Declaration of Mayors as follows:
a
Session 1: Sustainable urban transport, shared mobility and safer roads
3
The mayors exchanged their experiences, which were compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, they all saw the pandemic as an opportunity to launch creative solutions with a view to build back better. The Forum leaders emphasized that central to addressing the above challenges is the simultaneous integration of SDGs into local and national levels, as this would provide a common objective and, thereof, allow for creating dynamic synergies between local and national development efforts. Several cities have launched their own SDG plans and the majority were committed to become climate neutral by 2030.
4
City leaders emphasized that without a participatory approach, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to ensure responsiveness to the needs of all citizens. Even with broad based participation, the translation of the aspired forward-looking plans and solutions into reality was not without challenges. Each solution was faced with tremendous resistance, as citizens saw change as a disruption to their day-to-day life or a departure from what is familiar. The importance of “standing the course” and thinking about the future generation instead of the next election was a constant refrain among the city leaders.
5
The Forum city leaders expressed their solidarity with Ukraine, emphasized their readiness to host Ukrainian refugees, help Ukrainian cities “build back better” so that they surpass modern cities, and stressed that peace is an essential precondition for the creation of green and vibrant cities.
Summary of the ‘In focus: SDG 11’ roundtable, 3 October 2022
iParagraph content is machine-extracted from UN documents. For authoritative content, please refer to the official UN document.
