Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

A/RES/80/198View PDF

Who created this mandate?

A document of the General Assembly, under agenda item 71aImplementation of human rights instruments, published in 2025.

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30 versions · 1977–2025

2025A/RES/80/198Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmentLatestCompare with previous version
2023A/RES/77/209Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmentCompare with previous version
2020A/RES/74/143Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmentCompare with previous version
2018A/RES/72/163Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmentCompare with previous version
2016A/RES/70/146Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmentCompare with previous version

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1 entity

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5 topics

Human Rights Monitoring Prisoner Treatment Torture and Other Cruel Treatment Torture Prevention Torture Victims

What does this mandate say?

55 operative paragraphs

Condemns all forms of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including through intimidation, which are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever and can thus never be justified, and calls upon all States to implement fully the absolute and non‑derogable prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

Also condemns any action or attempt by States or public officials to legalize, instigate, authorize, consent to or acquiesce in torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment under any circumstances, including on grounds of national security and counter-terrorism or through judicial decisions, and urges States to ensure the accountability of those responsible for all such acts;

Stresses that States must neither punish personnel for not obeying orders to commit or conceal acts amounting to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment nor allow pleas of respondeat superior as a criminal defence in cases in which such orders were obeyed;

Emphasizes that acts of torture or inhuman treatment are grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949, that acts of torture and cruel treatment in armed conflict are serious violations of international humanitarian law and in this regard constitute war crimes, that acts of torture can constitute crimes against humanity and that the perpetrators of all acts of torture must be prosecuted and punished, and in this regard notes the efforts of the International Criminal Court to end impunity by seeking to ensure accountability and punishment of perpetrators of such acts, in accordance with the Rome Statute, bearing in mind its principle of complementarity, and encourages States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the Rome Statute;

Also emphasizes that States must take persistent, determined and effective measures to prevent and combat all acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, stresses that all acts of torture must be made offences under national criminal law punishable by appropriate penalties that take into account their grave nature, and calls upon States to prohibit under national law acts constituting cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

Recognizes that conflict-related sexual violence may amount to torture, and encourages States to ensure that effective legislative, administrative, judicial and other measures are taken to prevent and respond to such acts, and calls upon all States to ensure respect for the prohibitions of sexual violence and torture during armed conflict;

Stresses that States must ensure that no statement or evidence that is established to have been obtained as a result of torture is invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement or evidence was obtained, urges States to extend that prohibition to statements or evidence obtained as a result of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and recognizes that adequate corroboration of statements, including confessions, used as evidence in any proceedings constitutes one safeguard for the prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

Urges States not to expel, return (“refouler”), extradite or in any other way transfer a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that the person would be in danger of being subjected to torture, stresses the importance of effective legal and procedural safeguards in this regard, and recognizes that diplomatic assurances, where given, do not release States from their obligations under international human rights, humanitarian and refugee law, in particular the principle of non‑refoulement;

Recalls that, for the purpose of determining whether there are substantial grounds for believing that a person would be in danger of being subjected to torture, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations, including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights;

Urges States to ensure that border control operations and reception centres fully comply with international human rights obligations and commitments, including the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

Calls upon all States to adopt and implement effective measures to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, in particular in the context of the use of force by law enforcement officials and in places of detention and other places where persons are deprived of their liberty, including legal and procedural safeguards, as well as to ensure that the competent judicial or disciplinary authorities and, where relevant, the prosecution can effectively ensure compliance with such safeguards;

Also calls upon all States to take effective measures to ensure that the use of force by police and other law enforcement officials, including the use of less-lethal weapons, is in conformity with international obligations and the principles of legality, necessity, proportionality, accountability and non‑discrimination, and that those using force account for each use of force, bearing in mind that lethal force may only be used as a last resort to protect against an imminent threat to life or grievous bodily harm, and recalls in this regard Human Rights Council resolution 46/15 of 23 March 2021;

Recalls its resolution 43/173 of 9 December 1988 on the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, and in this context stresses that ensuring that any individual arrested or detained is promptly brought before a judge or other independent judicial officer in person, facilitating access to legal counsel without delay, and permitting prompt and regular medical care, including, where necessary, an age-, disability- and gender-responsive medical and psychological examination that respects the inherent dignity of the person and upholds their full human rights throughout all stages of detention, as well as regular contact with family members, including visits by family members and independent monitoring mechanisms, are effective measures for the prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

Stresses the obligation of States to ensure that all persons who are arrested or detained are informed at the time of arrest or detention of the reasons for the arrest or detention and are promptly informed of any charges against them, in accessible forms of communication, including in a language that they understand, and are provided with information about, and an explanation of, their rights and are provided with consular notification and access, as appropriate, and calls upon States to take steps to notify the fact of the detention to a relative or another third party;

Calls upon States to include education and information regarding the absolute prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in the training of law enforcement personnel and other personnel authorized to resort to force or who may be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any individual subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment, which may include training on the use of force, all available modern scientific methods for the investigation of crimes and the critical importance of reporting instances of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment to superior authorities;

Emphasizes that States shall keep under systematic review interrogation rules, instructions, methods and practices, as well as arrangements for the custody and treatment of persons subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment in any territory under their jurisdiction, and stresses the importance of the development of domestic guidelines on the conduct of interrogations, with a view to preventing any cases of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

Takes note with appreciation of the Principles on Effective Interviewing for Investigations and Information-Gathering (the Méndez Principles), and encourages States to use them as appropriate through the implementation of national measures, including non‑coercive interviewing methods and procedural safeguards, thereby operationalizing the presumption of innocence, ensuring that no person is subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment during questioning, as well as improving effective policing, criminal justice investigations, prosecutions, convictions and other forms of information-gathering processes;

Encourages all States to take appropriate effective legislative, administrative, judicial and other measures to apply the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules), the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (the Beijing Rules) and the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty (the Havana Rules);

Reminds all States that prolonged incommunicado detention or detention in secret places can facilitate the perpetration of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and can in itself constitute a form of such treatment, and urges all States to respect the safeguards concerning the liberty, security and dignity of the person and to ensure that prolonged incommunicado detention and secret places of detention and interrogation are abolished;

Emphasizes that conditions of detention must respect the dignity and human rights of persons deprived of their liberty, highlights the importance of reflecting on this in efforts to promote respect for and protection of the rights of persons deprived of their liberty, calls upon States to take effective measures to address and prevent detention conditions amounting to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, noting in this regard concerns about solitary confinement, and encourages States to take effective measures to address overcrowding, high incarceration rates and a shortage or lack of alternatives to imprisonment, and neglected infrastructure, as well as practices that seek to dehumanize or otherwise undermine the dignity of persons who are marginalized or in vulnerable situations;

Recalls that the unlawful or excessive use of force by law enforcement officials committed against persons exercising their rights to freedom of peaceful assembly may constitute torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and notes in this regard the Model Protocol for Law Enforcement Officials to Promote and Protect Human Rights in the Context of Peaceful Protests;

Welcomes the establishment of national preventive mechanisms to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, urges States to consider establishing, appointing, maintaining or enhancing independent and effective mechanisms that have experts with the required capabilities and professional knowledge to undertake monitoring visits to places of detention and other places under State jurisdiction and control where persons are or may be deprived of their liberty, inter alia, with a view to preventing acts of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and calls upon States Parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment to fulfil their obligation to designate or establish national preventive mechanisms at the latest one year after the entry into force of the Protocol or of its ratification or accession, that are truly independent, composed of experts with the required capabilities and professional knowledge, and properly resourced and, further, to consider the recommendations of such mechanisms, to encourage public debate and to engage in constructive dialogue with such mechanisms on possible implementation measures;

Calls upon all States to take appropriate effective legislative, administrative, judicial and other measures to prevent and prohibit the production, trade, export, import and use of equipment and technology that have no practical use other than for the purpose of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and in this regard takes note of the report of the Group of Governmental Experts pursuant to resolution 73/304 of 28 June 2019;

Urges States, as an important element in preventing and combating torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, to ensure that no authority or official orders, applies, permits or tolerates any sanction, reprisal, intimidation or other prejudice against any person, group or association, including persons deprived of their liberty, for contacting, seeking to contact or having been in contact with any national or international monitoring or preventive body or other relevant stakeholders active in the prevention and combating of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

Also urges States to ensure accountability for any act of sanction, reprisal, intimidation or other form of unlawful prejudicial conduct against any person, group or association, including persons deprived of their liberty, for cooperating, seeking to cooperate or having cooperated with any national or international monitoring or preventive body active in the prevention and combating of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, by ensuring impartial, prompt, independent and thorough investigations of any alleged act of sanction, reprisal, intimidation or other form of unlawful prejudicial conduct; to bring the perpetrators to justice; to provide access to effective remedies for victims, in accordance with their international human rights obligations and commitments; and to prevent any recurrence;

Calls upon States Parties to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment to fulfil their obligation to submit for prosecution or extradite those alleged to have committed acts of torture, regardless of where such acts were committed, if the alleged offender is present in any territory under their jurisdiction, and encourages other States also to do so, bearing in mind the need to fight impunity;

Encourages States to consider establishing or maintaining appropriate national processes to record allegations and cases of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including through efficient and secure data collection, processing and management systems, and to ensure that such information is accessible and its confidentiality protected in accordance with applicable law;

Stresses that an independent, competent domestic authority must promptly, effectively and impartially investigate all allegations of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, as well as wherever there is reasonable ground to believe that such an act has been committed, and that those who encourage, instigate, order, tolerate, acquiesce in, consent to or perpetrate such acts must be held responsible, brought to justice and punished in a manner commensurate with the severity of the offence, including the officials in charge of any place of detention or other place where persons are deprived of their liberty where the prohibited act is found to have been committed;

Recalls, in this respect, the Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the Istanbul Principles) as a valuable tool in efforts to prevent and combat torture and the updated set of principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity;

Takes note with appreciation, in this respect, of the updated Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Istanbul Protocol) as a valuable tool to address impunity for torture and ill-treatment by setting out international standards for the conduct of effective legal and medico-legal investigations into allegations of torture or ill-treatment;

Emphasizes that it is important for law enforcement officials to be able to play their role in safeguarding the right not to be subjected to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and for States to ensure the proper functioning of the criminal justice system, in particular by taking effective measures to combat corruption, establish proper legal aid programmes and to provide for the adequate selection, training and remuneration of law enforcement officials while fully respecting the principles of non‑discrimination, and taking measures to improve the representation of women and persons belonging to minorities within law enforcement ranks whenever possible;

Encourages all States to ensure that persons charged with or under investigation for torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment have no involvement in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any person under arrest, detention, imprisonment or other deprivation of liberty while such charges are pending and, if such persons are convicted, after the conviction;

Calls upon all States to adopt a victim- and survivor-oriented approach in the fight against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, paying special attention to the views and needs of victims and survivors in policy development and other activities relating to rehabilitation, prevention and accountability for torture;

Also calls upon all States to adopt a gender-responsive approach in the fight against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including by taking into consideration the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), and to pay special attention to sexual and gender-based violence;

Calls upon States to ensure that the rights of persons who are marginalized and in vulnerable situations, including persons with disabilities, bearing in mind the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, are fully integrated into torture prevention and protection, and welcomes the efforts of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in this regard;

Stresses that national legal systems must ensure that victims of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment have effective access to justice and obtain redress, and that the complainants and witnesses are protected against all ill-treatment or intimidation as a consequence of making a complaint or giving evidence;

Calls upon States to provide redress for victims of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, encompassing effective remedy and adequate, effective and prompt reparation, which should include restitution, fair and adequate compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non‑repetition, taking into full account the specific needs of the victim;

Urges States to ensure that appropriate rehabilitation services are promptly available to all victims and survivors without discrimination of any kind and without limitation in time, until the fullest rehabilitation possible has been achieved, and are provided either directly by the public health system or through the funding of private rehabilitation facilities, including those administered by civil society organizations, and to consider making rehabilitation services available to the immediate families or dependants of the victims and survivors and to persons who have suffered harm while intervening to assist victims and survivors in distress or to prevent victimization;

Also urges States to establish, maintain, facilitate or support rehabilitation centres or facilities where victims and survivors can receive such treatment and where effective measures for ensuring the safety of their staff and patients are taken;

Urges all States that have not yet done so to become Parties to the Convention against Torture and the Optional Protocol thereto as a matter of priority, and calls upon States Parties to ensure their effective implementation;

Urges all States Parties to the Convention that have not yet done so to make the declarations provided for in articles 21 and 22 of the Convention concerning inter-State and individual communications, to consider the possibility of withdrawing their reservations to article 20, to notify the Secretary-General of their acceptance of the amendments to articles 17 and 18, with a view to enhancing the effectiveness of the Committee against Torture as soon as possible, and to comply strictly with their obligations under the Convention, including, in view of the high number of reports not submitted in time, their obligation to submit reports in accordance with article 19 of the Convention, and invites States Parties to incorporate a gender perspective and information concerning persons who are marginalized and in vulnerable situations, including children and juveniles and persons with disabilities, when submitting reports to the Committee;

Welcomes the work and the reports of the Committee and of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, recommends that their reports continue to include information on the follow-up by States Parties to their recommendations, invites States to make the Subcommittee’s reports public, and supports the Committee and the Subcommittee in their efforts to further improve the effectiveness of their working methods;

Emphasizes the importance of the Committee and the Subcommittee having due regard to the principle of non‑discrimination, paying particular attention to the rights of those who are marginalized or in vulnerable situations, including through a victim- and survivor-oriented and gender-responsive approach in the fight against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

Calls upon the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in conformity with his mandate established by the General Assembly in its resolution 48/141 of 20 December 1993, and other relevant United Nations entities, in accordance with their mandates and existing resources, to continue to provide, at the request of States, advisory services for the prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including for the preparation of national reports to the Committee, for the implementation of recommendations of the Committee, and for the establishment and operation of national preventive mechanisms, as well as technical assistance, including for the development, production and distribution of teaching materials for this purpose, and further calls upon the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide the support necessary to enable the Subcommittee to provide advice and assistance to States Parties to the Optional Protocol;

Emphasizes the importance of States ensuring proper follow-up to the recommendations and conclusions of the relevant treaty bodies and mechanisms, including the Committee, the Subcommittee, national preventive mechanisms and the Special Rapporteur, while recognizing the important role of the universal periodic review, national human rights institutions and other relevant national or regional bodies in preventing torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;

Takes note with appreciation of the work of the Special Rapporteur, and takes note of the recommendations and the information on the follow-up by States to recommendations, visits and communications;

Calls upon all States to cooperate with and assist the Special Rapporteur in the performance of her tasks, to supply all necessary information requested by her, to fully and expeditiously respond to and follow up on her urgent appeals, to give serious consideration to responding favourably to requests by her to visit their countries and to enter into a constructive dialogue with her on requested visits to their countries as well as with respect to the follow-up to her recommendations;

Stresses the need for the continued regular exchange of views among the Committee, the Subcommittee, the Special Rapporteur and other relevant United Nations mechanisms and bodies, as well as for the pursuit of cooperation with relevant United Nations programmes, notably the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme, with regional organizations and mechanisms, as appropriate, and with civil society organizations, including non‑governmental organizations, with a view to enhancing further their effectiveness and cooperation on issues relating to the prevention and eradication of torture by, inter alia, improving coordination;

Requests the Secretary-General to ensure, within the overall budgetary framework of the United Nations, the provision of adequate staff and facilities for the bodies and mechanisms involved in preventing and combating torture and assisting victims of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including, in particular, the Committee, the Subcommittee and the Special Rapporteur, commensurate with the strong support expressed by Member States for preventing and combating torture and assisting victims of torture, in order to enable them to discharge their mandates in a comprehensive, sustained and effective manner, and taking fully into account the specific nature of their mandates;

Recognizes the global need for international assistance to victims of torture, stresses the importance of the work of the Board of Trustees of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, appeals to all States and organizations to contribute annually to the Fund, preferably with a substantial increase in the level of contributions, and encourages contributions to the Special Fund established by the Optional Protocol to support the implementation of the recommendations made by the Subcommittee and of educational programmes by the national preventive mechanisms;

Requests the Secretary-General to continue to transmit to all States the appeals of the General Assembly for contributions to the Funds, to include the Funds, on an annual basis, among the programmes for which funds are pledged at the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, and to submit to the Human Rights Council a report on the operations of the Funds, and encourages the Chair of the Board of Trustees of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture to continuously raise awareness among States and relevant stakeholders about the overall trends and developments in its operations;

Welcomes the work of the Convention against Torture Initiative, and the extension of its mandate until 2030, to achieve the universal ratification and improved implementation of the Convention by 2024, as well as related regional initiatives on the prevention and eradication of torture;

Calls upon all States, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and other United Nations bodies and agencies, as well as relevant intergovernmental and civil society organizations, including non‑governmental organizations, to commemorate, on 26 June, the United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture;

Decides to consider at its eighty-first, eighty-second and eighty-third sessions the reports of the Secretary-General, including the report of the Committee, the report of the Subcommittee and the report of the Special Rapporteur;

Also decides to give its full consideration to the subject matter at its eighty-third session.

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