Protection of Global Climate for Present and Future Generations of Humankind

A/RES/80/138View PDF

Who created this mandate?

A document of the General Assembly, under agenda item 18dProtection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind, published in 2025.

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17 versions · 2010–2025

2025A/RES/80/138Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankindLatestCompare with previous version
2024A/RES/79/206Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankindCompare with previous version
2023A/RES/78/153Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankindCompare with previous version
2022A/RES/77/165Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankindCompare with previous version
2022A/RES/76/205Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankindCompare with previous version

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8 entities

Extracted automatically from each entity’s budget submission.

What subjects does this mandate have?

8 topics

Climate Change Climate Change Adaptation Conferences Disaster Prevention Environmental Agreements Environmental Protection Financing Sustainable Development

What does this mandate say?

44 operative paragraphs

Reaffirms that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time, expresses profound alarm that the emissions of greenhouse gases continue to rise globally, remains deeply concerned that all countries, particularly developing countries, are vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change and are already experiencing an increase in such impacts, including persistent drought and extreme weather events, land degradation, sea level rise, coastal erosion, ocean acidification and changes to the cryosphere, including the melting and retreat of glaciers, such as mountain glaciers, leading to glacial lake outburst floods, further threatening food security, water availability and livelihoods, and efforts to eradicate poverty in all its forms and dimensions and achieve sustainable development, recognizes the substantial risks posed by climate change to health, and emphasizes in this regard that mitigation of and adaptation to climate change represent an immediate and urgent global priority;

Encourages all the Parties to the Paris Agreement to fully implement the Agreement, and highlights the synergies between the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Agreement;

Recalls that the Paris Agreement, in enhancing the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, including its objective, aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty, including by holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre‑industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre‑industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change, increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production, and making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development;

Reaffirms the Paris Agreement temperature goal of holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre‑industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre‑industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change, underscores that the impacts of climate change will be much lower at the temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared with 2 degrees Celsius, and resolves to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius, recognizes that limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius with no or limited overshoot requires deep, rapid and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions of 43 per cent by 2030 and 60 per cent by 2035 relative to the 2019 level and reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, commits to accelerate action in this critical decade on the basis of the best available science, reflecting equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities in the light of different national circumstances and in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty, and, in accordance with article 4 of the Paris Agreement, reiterates the aim to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions, as soon as possible, recognizing that peaking will take longer for developing countries, and to undertake rapid reductions thereafter in accordance with best available science, so as to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century, on the basis of equity, and in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty;

Recalls, in line with decisions 1/CMA.3 and 1/CMA.4, the call to accelerate the development, deployment and dissemination of technologies and the adoption of policies to transition towards low-emission energy systems, including by rapidly scaling up the deployment of clean power generation and energy efficiency measures, including accelerating efforts towards the phase-down of unabated coal power and phase-out of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, while providing targeted support to the poorest and most vulnerable, in line with national circumstances, and recognizing the need for support towards a just transition;

Welcomes the nationally determined contributions submitted to date, recalls article 3 and article 4, paragraph 3, of the Paris Agreement, and reaffirms that each Party’s successive nationally determined contribution will represent a progression beyond the Party’s current nationally determined contribution and reflect its highest possible ambition, reflecting its common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances, and provide the information necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding, in accordance with the relevant decision;

Notes with concern that, according to the synthesis report on nationally determined contributions published by the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the nationally determined contributions presented thus far by the Parties to the Paris Agreement are not sufficient and that action is needed to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre‑industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre‑industrial levels, urges Parties that have not yet communicated new or updated nationally determined contributions to do so as soon as possible, and encourages Parties to communicate in 2025 nationally determined contributions with an end date of 2035, in 2030 a nationally determined contribution with an end date of 2040 and so forth every five years thereafter;

Recalls article 3 and article 4, paragraphs 3, 4, 5 and 11, of the Paris Agreement and requests Parties that have not yet done so to revisit and strengthen the 2030 targets in their nationally determined contributions, as necessary, to align with the Paris Agreement temperature goal by the end of 2025, taking into account different national circumstances, reaffirms the nationally determined nature of nationally determined contributions and article 4, paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement, and encourages Parties to come forward in their next nationally determined contributions with ambitious, economy-wide emission reduction targets, covering all greenhouse gases, sectors and categories and aligned with limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, as informed by the latest science, in the light of different national circumstances, also encourages Parties to align their next nationally determined contributions with long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies, and urges Parties that have not yet done so to communicate, as soon as possible, their long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies referred to in article 4, paragraph 19, of the Paris Agreement towards just transitions to net-zero emissions by or around mid-century, taking into account different national circumstances;

Also recalls article 4 of the Paris Agreement, in particular paragraph 15, which states that Parties shall take into consideration in the implementation of the Paris Agreement the concerns of Parties with economies most affected by the impacts of response measures, particularly developing country Parties, recognizing the social and economic opportunities and challenges that arise from the efforts to achieve the Paris Agreement temperature goal;

Notes with serious concern the findings from the synthesis report of the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the contribution of Working Group I, in which the Intergovernmental Panel indicates that global warming of 1.5 degrees Celsius and 2 degrees Celsius above pre‑industrial levels will be exceeded during the twenty-first century, unless deep, rapid and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions occur in this decade, from the contribution of Working Group II, in which the Intergovernmental Panel indicates that human-induced climate change has caused widespread adverse impacts in every region across the world and related losses and damages to nature and people reaching some adaptation limits and that adaptation plays a key role in reducing exposure and vulnerability to climate change, and the contribution of Working Group III, in which the Intergovernmental Panel stressed that accelerated and equitable climate action in mitigating and adapting to climate change impacts is critical to sustainable development;

Emphasizes the importance of just transition pathways as a means to enhance ambition and implementation and ensure the social and economic benefits of transitions, in order to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement and the United Arab Emirates just transition work programme on just transition pathways, in accordance with decisions 1/CP.27, 1/CMA.4 and 3/CMA.5;

Stresses the urgent need to enhance adaptive capacity, strengthen resilience and reduce vulnerability to climate change and extreme weather events, and in this regard urges Member States to continue to engage in adaptation planning processes and to enhance cooperation at all levels, including with regard to disaster risk reduction;

Recalls the Paris Agreement work programme, commonly referred to as the Katowice Rulebook, adopted at the third part of the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement, and welcomes with appreciation the completion of the Paris Agreement work programme by the third session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement, including the adoption of the decisions relating to article 4, paragraphs 10 and 12, article 6, paragraphs 2, 4 and 8, article 7, paragraph 12, and article 13;

Takes note of the report of the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on the twenty-ninth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, the nineteenth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and the sixth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement;

Emphasizes the need for collective efforts to promote sustainable development in its three dimensions in an innovative, coordinated, environmentally sound, open and shared manner;

Underlines the need to address the economic, social and environmental impacts of climate change, emphasizes the need for action at all levels, to enhance efforts to build resilience through, inter alia, the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of ecosystems, and to build resilience to reduce the impacts and costs of climate-related disasters, and in that regard encourages Governments and relevant organizations to integrate nature-based solutions, ecosystem-based approaches and other management and conservation approaches, in line with United Nations Environment Assembly resolution 5/5 of 2 March 2022, to climate change adaptation and mitigation and disaster risk reduction into their strategic planning, as appropriate, across sectors;

Recognizes that enhanced access to international climate finance is important to support mitigation and adaptation efforts in developing countries, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, and also recognizes the ongoing efforts in this regard;

Reiterates that support shall be provided to developing country Parties for the implementation of article 4 of the Paris Agreement, in accordance with articles 9–11 of the Paris Agreement, recognizing that enhanced support for developing country Parties will allow for higher ambition in their actions;

Recalls article 2, article 4 and article 9, paragraphs 1 to 4, of the Paris Agreement, and highlights that the adaptation finance needs of developing countries are estimated to be at 215 billion to 387 billion United States dollars annually until 2030 and that about 4.3 trillion United States dollars per year need to be invested in clean energy until 2030, increasing thereafter to 5 trillion United States dollars per year until 2050 to be able to reach net-zero emissions by 2050;

Highlights the growing gap between the needs of developing country Parties, in particular those due to the increasing impacts of climate change compounded by difficult macroeconomic circumstances, and the support provided and mobilized for their efforts to implement their nationally determined contributions, highlighting that costed needs reported in nationally determined contributions of developing country Parties are currently estimated at 5.1 trillion to 6.8 trillion United States dollars for up until 2030 or 455 to 584 billion United States dollars per year;

Notes with deep regret that the goal of developed country Parties to mobilize jointly 100 billion United States dollars per year by 2020 in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation was not met in 2021, including owing to challenges in mobilizing finance from private sources, welcomes the ongoing efforts of developed country Parties towards achieving the goal of mobilizing jointly 100 billion United States dollars per year, urges developed country Parties to fully deliver, with urgency, on the goal of 100 billion United States dollars per year through to 2025, in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation, noting the significant role of public funds, and calls upon developed country Parties to further enhance the coordination of their efforts to deliver on the goal;

Reaffirms the call on all actors to work together to enable the scaling up of financing to developing country Parties for climate action from all public and private sources to at least 1.3 trillion United States dollars per year by 2035, takes note of the “Baku to Belém road map to 1.3 T”, and welcomes the efforts undertaken by the presidencies of the twenty-ninth and thirtieth sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in fulfilling their mandate;

Also reaffirms the goal of at least 300 billion United States dollars per year by 2035 for developing country Parties for climate action, set in extension of the goal referred to in paragraph 53 of decision 1/CP.21, with developed country Parties taking the lead;

Notes with concern that the adaptation finance gap is widening and that current levels of climate finance, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building for adaptation remain insufficient to respond to worsening climate change impacts in developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, recognizes that adaptation finance will have to be significantly scaled up beyond the doubling as per paragraph 18 of decision 1/CMA.3 to support the urgent and evolving need to accelerate adaptation and build resilience in developing countries, considering the need for public and grant-based resources for adaptation and exploring the potential of other sources, and reiterates the importance of support for progress in implementing developing countries’ national adaptation plans by 2030, reiterates the call urging developed country Parties to at least double their collective provision of climate finance for adaptation to developing country Parties from 2019 levels by 2025, in the context of achieving a balance between mitigation and adaptation in the provision of scaled-up financial resources, recalling article 9, paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement, notes the efforts of developed country Parties to make progress in at least doubling adaptation finance from 2019 levels by 2025 and, in this regard, recognizes the importance of the global goal on adaptation for effective implementation of the Paris Agreement, and welcomes the adoption of a framework for the global goal on adaptation, the United Arab Emirates Framework for Global Climate Resilience, at the fifth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement;

Reiterates the importance of reforming the multilateral financial architecture, and underscores the need to remove barriers and address disenablers faced by developing country Parties in financing climate action, including high costs of capital, limited fiscal space, unsustainable debt levels, high transaction costs and conditionalities for accessing climate finance;

Calls upon multilateral development banks, other financial institutions and the private sector to enhance finance mobilization in order to deliver the scale of resources needed to achieve climate plans, particularly for adaptation, and encourages Parties to continue to explore innovative approaches and instruments for mobilizing finance for adaptation from private sources;

Recalls that, in the Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan, the shareholders of multilateral development banks and international financial institutions were called upon to reform multilateral development bank practices and priorities, align and scale up funding, ensure simplified access and mobilize climate finance from various sources, and encourages multilateral development banks to define a new vision and commensurate operational model, channels and instruments that are fit for the purpose of adequately addressing the global climate emergency, including deploying a full suite of instruments, from grants to guarantees and non‑debt instruments, taking into account debt burdens, and to address risk appetite, with a view to substantially increasing climate finance;

Invites the international financial institutions, including multilateral development banks as appropriate, to continue to align their operational models, channels and instruments to be fit for purpose for urgently addressing global climate change, development and poverty, in accordance with their mandates and in line with the direction of their governing bodies;

Welcomes the operationalization of the new funding arrangements, including the Fund, for responding to Loss and Damage referred to in decisions 1/CP.28 and 5/CMA.5, and the pledges of 792 million United States dollars for the funding arrangements, including 661 million United States dollars for the Fund, urges developed country Parties to continue to provide support and encourages other Parties to provide, or continue to provide, support, on a voluntary basis, for activities to address loss and damage in line with decisions 1/CP.28 and 5/CMA.5, and invites financial contributions, with developed country Parties continuing to take the lead to provide financial resources for commencing the operationalization of the Fund;

Also welcomes the progress made in the operationalization of the Santiago network at the twenty-eighth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the fifth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement;

Reiterates the urgency of scaling up action and support, as appropriate, including finance, technology transfer and capacity-building, for implementing approaches for averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change in developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to these effects;

Urges Member States, taking into account that women and girls are often disproportionately affected by climate change owing to gender inequalities and the dependence of many women on natural resources for their livelihoods, to promote the integration of a gender perspective into environmental and climate change policies and to strengthen mechanisms and provide adequate resources towards achieving the full and equal participation of women in decision-making at all levels on environmental issues, stresses the need to address the challenges posed by climate change that affect women and girls in particular, and calls upon countries to strengthen the implementation of the enhanced Lima work programme on gender and its gender action plan adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at its twenty-fifth session;

Notes the ongoing work and potential of the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, established for the exchange of experiences and sharing of best practices on mitigation and adaptation in a holistic and integrated manner, recalls decision 2/CP.23 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on the Platform’s purpose and functions and decision 16/CP.26 of the Conference of the Parties on the continuation of the mandate of the Facilitative Working Group of the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform, and also recalls decision 1/CMA.3 of the Conference of the Parties on the active involvement of Indigenous Peoples and local communities in designing and implementing climate action;

Recognizes the role of children and youth as agents of change in addressing and responding to climate change, also recognizing the importance of intergenerational equity and maintaining the stability of the climate system for future generations;

Also recognizes the invitation to the relevant work programmes and constituted bodies under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to consider how to integrate and strengthen ocean-based action in their existing mandates and workplans and to report on these activities within the existing reporting processes, as appropriate, and welcomes in this regard the fifth annual dialogue, held in Bonn, Germany, in June 2025;

Recalls that 147 countries and one regional economic integration organization have accepted or ratified the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol, welcomes the entry into force of the Amendment on 31 December 2020, which was the end date of the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, and strongly urges countries that have accepted or ratified the Amendment to implement their pre‑2020 commitments to the fullest extent as soon as possible;

Welcomes the convening of the twenty-eighth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the eighteenth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and the fifth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement, presided over by the Government of the United Arab Emirates in Dubai, from 30 November to 13 December 2023, and the adoption of their decisions, including the decisions adopted under the “UAE Consensus”, which include the outcome of the first global stocktake of the Paris Agreement, and urges their full implementation;

Also welcomes the convening of the twenty-ninth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the nineteenth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and the sixth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement, presided over by the Government of Azerbaijan in Baku, from 11 to 22 November 2024, and the adoption of their decisions by Parties, and looks forward to their full and urgent implementation;

Further welcomes the convening of the thirtieth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the twentieth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and the seventh session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement, presided over by the Government of Brazil in Belém, from 10 to 21 November 2025, and the adoption of their decisions by Parties, and looks forward to their full and urgent implementation;

Looks forward to the thirty-first session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the twenty-first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and the eighth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement;

Acknowledges the work undertaken under the auspices of the Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action, and encourages non‑Party stakeholders to scale up their efforts to address and respond to climate change;

Recalls the action plan for integrating sustainable development practices into Secretariat-wide operations and facilities management submitted by the Secretary-General, as endorsed in resolution 72/219;

Decides to include in the United Nations calendar of conferences and meetings for the years 2026 and 2027 the sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and its subsidiary bodies envisaged for the years 2026 and 2027;

Invites the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to report, through the Secretary-General, to the General Assembly at its eighty-first session on the work of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, and decides to include in the provisional agenda of its eighty-first session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind”.

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