Situation of Human Rights in the Syrian Arab Republic

A/RES/79/185View PDF

Who created this mandate?

A Resolution of the General Assembly, under agenda item 71cHuman rights situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives, published in 2024.

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34 documents · 2011–2025

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2025A/RES/80/224Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab RepublicCompare with earlier document
2025A/HRC/RES/58/25Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab RepublicCompare with earlier document
2024A/RES/79/185Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab RepublicCompare with earlier document
2024A/HRC/RES/57/21Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab RepublicCompare with earlier document
2024A/HRC/RES/55/22Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab RepublicCompare with earlier document

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1 entity

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What subjects does this mandate have?

6 topics

Chemical Weapons Use Human Rights in Armed Conflicts Human Rights Violations Humanitarian Assistance Syrian Arab Republic Terrorism

What does this mandate say?

52 operative paragraphs

Strongly condemns the systematic, widespread and gross violations and abuses of international human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law committed in the Syrian Arab Republic and the indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks against the civilian population and against civilian infrastructure, in particular attacks on medical facilities, schools and humanitarian personnel and their premises and assets, which continue to claim civilian lives, and demands that all parties comply with their obligations under international human rights law and international humanitarian law;

Deplores and condemns in the strongest terms the continued armed violence by the Syrian regime against the Syrian people since the beginning of the peaceful protests in 2011, and demands that the Syrian regime immediately put an end to all attacks against civilians, take all feasible precautions to avoid, and in any event to minimize, incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects and meet its responsibilities to protect the Syrian population and immediately implement Security Council resolutions 2254 (2015), 2258 (2015) and 2286 (2016);

Urges all Member States to create conditions for continued negotiations for a political solution to the Syrian conflict, under the auspices of the United Nations, to this end recalls the importance of advancing the work of the Constitutional Committee, within the context of the Syrian-led, Syrian-owned and United Nations-facilitated political process, convening the next round of the Constitutional Committee as soon as possible under the auspices of the United Nations and achieving tangible results, and in that regard urges all parties to engage meaningfully in the work of the Constitutional Committee, as well as by working towards the nationwide ceasefire, to enable safe, full, immediate, unimpeded and sustained humanitarian access and to lead to the release of those arbitrarily detained and ensure the assessment of the number of people who remain in prisons, consistent with Security Council resolution 2254 (2015), as only a durable and inclusive political solution to the conflict can bring an end to the systematic, widespread and gross violations and abuses of international human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law;

Strongly condemns the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic, demands that all parties desist from any use or preparation of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic, expresses its strong conviction that those responsible for the use of chemical weapons must be held accountable, and recalls in this regard decision C-25/DEC.9 of 21 April 2021 of the Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention);

Welcomes the work of the Investigation and Identification Team of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, which is authorized to identify the perpetrators of the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic, thereby making an important contribution towards the ultimate goal of holding such perpetrators to account;

Demands that the Syrian regime adhere fully to its international obligations, including the requirement that it declare in full its chemical weapons programme, with special emphasis on the need for the Syrian Arab Republic to urgently resolve the identified gaps, inconsistencies and discrepancies pertaining to its declaration in respect of the Chemical Weapons Convention and to verifiably eliminate its chemical weapons programme in its entirety, further invites the Executive Council of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to consider additional procedures for stringent verification pursuant to article IV, paragraph 8, and article V, paragraph 10, of the Convention, in order to ensure the complete destruction of the Syrian chemical weapons programme and prevent any further use of chemical weapons, and further welcomes the adoption of decision C-28/DEC.12 of 30 November 2023 by the Conference of the States Parties to the Convention, which, inter alia, recommends that States parties to the Convention take certain recommended collective measures consistent with article XII, paragraph 3, of the Convention;

Deplores and condemns in the strongest terms the continued widespread and systematic gross violations and abuses of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including those of women and children, and all violations of international humanitarian law by the Syrian regime, the government-affiliated militias and those who fight on their behalf, including those involving the deliberate targeting of civilians or civilian objects, attacks on schools, hospitals, healthcare facilities, civilian water stations and places of worship, when contrary to international humanitarian law, indiscriminate attacks with heavy weapons, aerial bombardments, cluster munitions, ballistic missiles, barrel bombs, chemical or other weapons and other force targeting civilians, as well as the starvation of the civilian population as a method of warfare, massacres, arbitrary executions, extrajudicial killings, the killing of peaceful protesters, human rights defenders and journalists, individuals and members of communities on the basis of their religion or belief, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances, forced displacement of members of minority groups and of those opposed to the Syrian regime, unlawful interference with access to medical treatment, failure to respect and protect medical personnel, torture, systematic sexual and gender-based violence, including rape in detention, and ill-treatment;

Condemns unequivocally all attacks and violence against journalists and media workers by the Syrian regime, the government-affiliated militias and non-State armed groups, urges all parties to respect the professional independence and rights of journalists, and recalls in this regard that journalists and media workers engaged in dangerous professional missions in areas of armed conflict shall be considered civilians and shall be protected as such, provided that they take no action adversely affecting their status as civilians;

Strongly condemns all violations and abuses of human rights and all violations of international humanitarian law, including the killing and persecution of individuals and members of communities on the basis of their religion or belief, by armed non-State actors, as well as any human rights abuses or violations of international humanitarian law by non-State armed groups, including Hizbullah and those designated as terrorist groups by the Security Council, including ISIL (also known as Da’esh) and Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (formerly known as the Nusrah Front), an Al-Qaida affiliate;

Strongly urges the Syrian regime to withdraw Law No. 19 of 2024 and to end violations of the rights to freedom of opinion and expression, both online and offline, including through violence or threats of violence against journalists and others who express their opinion, censorship, enforcement of or threat to enforce criminal libel laws, Internet disruption such as shutting down of networks, throttling and mass surveillance of online activities;

Deplores and strongly condemns the terrorist acts and violence committed against civilians by ISIL (also known as Da’esh), Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (formerly known as the Nusrah Front), Al-Qaida-affiliated terrorist groups, other terrorist groups, such as Hurras al-Din, designated by the Security Council and other violent extremist groups and their continued gross, systematic and widespread abuses of human rights, including of the rights of women and children, and violations of international humanitarian law, and reaffirms that terrorism cannot and should not be associated with any religion, gender, ethnicity, nationality or civilization;

Condemns the reported forced displacements of the population in the Syrian Arab Republic due to repeated violations of international human rights, including forced displacement of civilians as a result of local truce agreements, as highlighted by the Commission of Inquiry, and the alarming impact thereof on the demography of the country, which amounts to a strategy of radical demographic change initiated by the Syrian regime, its allies and other non-State actors, further expresses deep concern at reports of social and demographic engineering in areas throughout the country, and calls upon all parties concerned to cease immediately all activities related to these actions, including any activities that may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity, notes that impunity for such crimes is unacceptable, reaffirms that those responsible for such breaches of international law must be brought to justice, and supports efforts to collect evidence in view of future legal action;

Emphasizes the importance of creating conditions conducive to voluntary, safe, dignified and informed movements of internally displaced persons within the Syrian Arab Republic, and strongly urges all parties to work with the United Nations to ensure that any such movements are consistent with the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, and that internally displaced persons receive the information they need to make informed and voluntary decisions about their movement and safety, and also calls upon the Syrian Arab Republic to create conditions for voluntary, safe and dignified returns of internally displaced persons;

Reminds the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic of its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, including its obligation to take effective measures to prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction, and calls upon all States parties to the Convention to comply with all relevant obligations under the Convention, including with respect to the obligation to extradite or prosecute contained in article 7 of the Convention;

Deplores the non-renewal of the Security Council authorization of cross-border humanitarian assistance to the Syrian Arab Republic, and in particular the veto cast on 11 July 2023 by the Russian Federation, and takes note of the decisions by the Syrian Arab Republic to consent to the use of the Bab al-Hawa, Bab al-Salamah and Ra’i crossings for United Nations life-saving humanitarian deliveries, but remains concerned by the limited time frame, which is insufficient, and underscores that needs have increased to the highest levels since 2011, with an estimated 16.7 million Syrians in need, according to the United Nations, and that roughly 9 million people live in areas not under the control of the Syrian regime and 8.9 million require humanitarian assistance in the north-east and north-west, and also considers with great concern the significant effects of the earthquakes of February 2023, which disproportionately affected those who are in vulnerable situations, and that cross-border assistance remains an indispensable tool to address the humanitarian needs of the population, including to deliver vaccines and supplies to combat communicable diseases, which cannot be adequately reached through existing operations within the Syrian Arab Republic;

Demands that the Syrian regime and all other parties to the conflict allow and facilitate safe, full, rapid, immediate, unhindered and sustained humanitarian access, including through the continuation of cross-border assistance;

Supports the United Nations in its endeavours for the continuation of the monitoring of all humanitarian relief consignments of the United Nations humanitarian agencies and their implementing partners to the north-west of the Syrian Arab Republic in the future, while underscoring the role of the United Nations Monitoring Mechanism for the Syrian Arab Republic in confirming the humanitarian nature of these relief consignments, and supports the international community to continue funding response initiatives to protect Syrians;

Strongly condemns the persistent and widespread use of sexual and gender-based violence, abuse and exploitation, such as in government detention centres, including those run by the intelligence agencies, reaffirms that acts of sexual and gender-based violence, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, can constitute crimes against humanity, and that acts of sexual and gender-based violence in situations of armed conflict can constitute war crimes, reaffirms the need to end impunity through the prosecution of perpetrators of sexual and gender-based crimes under national and international law, stresses the need for the perpetrators of these crimes to be held accountable by national justice systems or, where applicable, international courts and tribunals, notes that such acts may constitute violations of international humanitarian law, violations of international human rights law and abuses of human rights, in this regard expresses deep concern at the prevailing climate of impunity for sexual and gender-based violence, urges all parties to the conflict, especially the Syrian regime, to immediately cease the perpetration of sexual and gender-based violence, and urges the Syrian regime to ensure that victims and survivors of sexual and gender-based violence have access to holistic support and are able to seek reparations and redress;

Also strongly condemns all violations and abuses committed against children in contravention of applicable international law, including those involving their recruitment and use, killing and maiming, rape and all other forms of sexual and gender-based violence, child, early and forced marriage, abductions, enforced disappearances, denial of humanitarian access and education for children, and attacks on civilian objects, including schools and hospitals, as well as their arbitrary arrest, unlawful detention, torture and ill-treatment and their use as human shields;

Reaffirms the Syrian regime’s responsibility for the systematic use of enforced disappearances, takes note of the assessment of the Commission of Inquiry that the Syrian regime’s use of enforced disappearances amounts to a crime against humanity, condemns the targeted disappearances of young men and boys and the exploitation of ceasefires as an opportunity to forcibly recruit and arbitrarily detain them, and demands that the Syrian regime comply with its obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child;

Urges all States as well as all parties to the conflict to cooperate fully with the victim- and survivor-centric Independent Institution on Missing Persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, which is humanitarian in mandate, to help clarify the fate and whereabouts of all missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, in line with their obligations under international law, calls upon other relevant actors, including international institutions and civil society organizations, in particular Syrian civil society organizations, to cooperate with the new institution, recalling the crucial humanitarian imperative of allowing families to know the fate and whereabouts of their missing relatives, consistent with applicable international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and encourages the timely operations and full functioning of the Institution, including the appointment of its head and other key staff;

Encourages all parties to the conflict to enhance their engagement with the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria to hasten the release of all arbitrarily detained persons by the Syrian regime and to make progress on the issue of missing persons;

Strongly condemns indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks on civilians or civilian objects, including schools and water stations, humanitarian personnel and humanitarian premises and assets as such, taking place in the Syrian Arab Republic, which may constitute war crimes, as well as the intentional denial of humanitarian assistance to civilians, and demands that the Syrian regime meet its responsibility to protect the Syrian population and act in accordance with its obligations under relevant provisions of international human rights law and international humanitarian law;

Also strongly condemns the targeting of medical personnel, humanitarian workers and personnel exclusively engaged in medical duties, their means of transport and equipment and hospitals and other medical facilities, which may constitute war crimes, including the attack against the deconflicted Atarib cave hospital on 21 March 2021, the terrorist attack against Al-Shifa’ hospital on 12 June 2021, the attack on emergency first responders in Atarib on 11 July 2023, and the damage to 23 health facilities and hospitals amid widespread bombings in Idlib region in October 2023;

Demands that the Syrian regime cooperate fully with the Commission of Inquiry, including by granting it immediate, full, safe, unhindered and sustained access throughout the Syrian Arab Republic;

Strongly condemns the intervention in the Syrian Arab Republic of all foreign terrorist fighters and those foreign organizations and foreign forces fighting on behalf of the Syrian regime, expresses deep concern that their involvement further exacerbates the deteriorating situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, including the human rights and humanitarian situation, which has a serious negative impact on the region, and further demands that all foreign terrorist fighters, and those who are fighting in support of the Syrian regime, including all militias sponsored by foreign Governments, must immediately withdraw from the Syrian Arab Republic;

Demands that all parties immediately put an end to all violations of international human rights law, abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law, recalls, in particular, the obligation under international humanitarian law to distinguish between civilians and combatants and the prohibition against indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks and all attacks against civilians and civilian objects, further demands that all parties to the conflict take all appropriate steps to protect civilians, in compliance with international law, including by desisting from attacks directed against civilian objects, such as medical centres, schools, water stations, humanitarian personnel and humanitarian premises and assets, and refrain from militarizing such facilities, seek to avoid establishing military positions in densely populated areas and enable the evacuation of the wounded and all civilians who wish to leave areas of conflict, including besieged areas, and recalls in this regard that the Syrian regime bears primary responsibility for protecting its population;

Emphasizes the need for full accountability and justice for crimes involving breaches of international law, in particular of international humanitarian law and international human rights law, some of which may constitute war crimes or crimes against humanity, committed in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011, through fair, transparent and independent investigations and prosecutions at the domestic or international level;

Requests the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to submit an annual report to the General Assembly, starting at its eightieth session, on the implementation of its mandate while preserving the confidential nature of its substantive work, in time for the annual presentation of the report by the Head of the Mechanism in April at a plenary meeting of the Assembly under the agenda item entitled “Prevention of armed conflict”;

Welcomes efforts by the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to assist in the search for missing persons in the Syrian context, and further encourages the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to cooperate with the Independent Institution on Missing Persons in the Syrian Arab Republic to help advance efforts to clarify the fate and whereabouts of all missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic;

Also welcomes the victim- and survivor-centred approach practised by the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism, commends its model of engagement with victim and survivor groups, as well as civil society in general, through bilateral cooperation and regular consultations, such as the Lausanne platform, and further welcomes that the Independent Institution on Missing Persons in the Syrian Arab Republic has adopted a similarly victim- and survivor-centred approach;

Further welcomes the continued funding for the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism through the programme budget, and urges the Secretary-General to include further necessary resources to address the Mechanism’s significantly increased workload since 2020 in particular to meet the growing demands from competent jurisdictions, to be able to facilitate access to justice for victims, survivors and witnesses while ensuring their safety and protection, and to respond to the increased need to preserve existing information and evidence at risk of loss or destruction;

Emphasizes the need to ensure that all those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or violations and abuses of human rights law are held to account through appropriate, fair and independent domestic or international criminal justice mechanisms, stresses the need to pursue practical steps towards this goal, for that reason encourages the Security Council to take appropriate action to ensure full accountability, noting the important role that the International Criminal Court can play in this regard in accordance with complementarity, and urges the Syrian authorities to share further information regarding reports of extrajudicial executions and other serious violations throughout the country to advance accountability efforts;

Welcomes progress made on national and international accountability efforts, and in this regard notes the conviction and sentencing in January 2022 by a court in Germany of a former director of the Syrian intelligence service for crimes against humanity as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population in the Syrian Arab Republic, noting that information from the Commission of Inquiry and the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism was used as evidence during the investigation and trial, and further welcomes that the Kingdom of the Netherlands and Canada initiated legal proceedings at the International Court of Justice to hold the Syrian Arab Republic accountable for torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment of its own people, in breach of its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, strongly condemns retaliation and reprisals against those who cooperate with relevant mechanisms, and calls upon the Syrian regime to comply fully with the provisional measures ordered by the International Court of Justice to prevent acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and ensure that its officials and others under its control do not commit such practices, and to prevent the destruction and ensure the preservation of any evidence related to the allegations of acts within the scope of the Convention against Torture;

Also welcomes the efforts by States to investigate conduct in the Syrian Arab Republic and to prosecute crimes within their jurisdiction committed in the Syrian Arab Republic, encourages them to continue to do so and to share relevant information between States in accordance with their national legislation and international law, and also encourages other States to consider doing the same;

Urgently requests the Commission of Inquiry to present its latest reporting to the General Assembly during an interactive dialogue at its eightieth session on the situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic, and encourages United Nations monitoring and reporting to further document violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights, including those that may amount to crimes against humanity and war crimes, to provide recommendations to facilitate improvements in civilian protection and accountability measures, and to feature witness testimony of Syrian human rights defenders, survivors of torture and sexual and gender-based violence, former detainees, and other Syrian voices through appropriate and safe means, and where informed consent has been provided;

Deplores the deteriorating humanitarian situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, and urges the international community to assume its responsibility for providing urgent financial support to enable the host countries and communities to respond to the growing humanitarian needs of Syrian refugees, while emphasizing the importance of burden- and responsibility-sharing;

Calls upon all members of the international community, including all donors, to fulfil their previous pledges and continue to provide much-needed support to the United Nations, its specialized agencies and other humanitarian actors to provide humanitarian and medical assistance to the millions of Syrians who are in need, including those displaced both internally and in host countries and communities;

Welcomes the efforts of those countries outside the region that have put in place measures and policies to assist and host Syrian refugees, encourages them to do more, also encourages other States outside the region to consider implementing similar measures and policies, with a view to providing Syrian refugees with protection and humanitarian assistance, acknowledges the need to improve the conditions on the ground to facilitate the return of refugees in a safe, voluntary, informed and dignified manner to their place of origin or another location of their choice, opposes coerced returns of Syrian refugees to the Syrian Arab Republic, and takes note of the recent finding of the Commission of Inquiry that the Syrian Arab Republic does not yet offer a safe and stable environment for the sustainable and dignified return of refugees or for the 7.2 million displaced persons inside the country due to risk of serious human rights violations including arbitrary arrest, torture, enforced disappearance, and death;

Demands that the Syrian regime and all other parties to the conflict ensure the full, immediate, unimpeded and sustained safe and unhindered access of the United Nations and humanitarian actors, including to besieged and hard-to-reach areas such as Rukban, that the Syrian regime cease to impede the ability of the United Nations and humanitarian actors to move through the north-east of the Syrian Arab Republic and beyond, especially in the light of the restricted humanitarian space and worsened humanitarian situation following the failure to reauthorize the Ya‘rubiyah border crossing in Security Council resolutions 2504 (2020), 2533 (2020), 2585 (2021), 2642 (2022) and 2672 (2023) and to extend for as long as humanitarian needs require the use of the Bab al-Hawa, Bab al-Salamah and Ra’i crossings and that all parties preserve the Fish Khabur border crossing and other crossing points along the Turkish borders with the Syrian Arab Republic, and allow sustained deliveries of humanitarian assistance to persons in need across the Syrian Arab Republic, including through commercial routes, consistent with Security Council resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2254 (2015), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401 (2018), 2449 (2018), 2504 (2020), 2533 (2020), 2585 (2021), 2642 (2022) and 2672 (2023);

Strongly condemns the reported killing of detainees in Syrian military intelligence facilities, and calls upon the Syrian regime to release all unlawfully held detainees, including women, children and the elderly, and to facilitate information about those still in detention as well as those who died while in detention by the Syrian regime, returning their remains, with full transparency regarding what happened to these individuals, and urges the regime to immediately reverse its abhorrent use of mass detentions and torture as means of silencing and repressing political opposition and political activists, human rights defenders, lawyers, journalists and other media workers and of depriving Syrian citizens of their rights to freedom of opinion and expression, both online and offline;

Calls for the appropriate international monitoring bodies to be granted access to detainees in all prisons and detention centres, including all military facilities referred to in the reports of the Commission of Inquiry;

Demands that all parties take all appropriate steps to protect civilians and persons hors de combat, including persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, and stresses that, in this regard, the primary responsibility to protect the population lies with the Syrian regime;

Strongly condemns the damage and destruction of the cultural and historical heritage of the Syrian Arab Republic, in particular that of Palmyra and Aleppo, and the organized looting and trafficking of Syrian cultural property, as outlined by the Security Council in its resolutions 2199 (2015) of 12 February 2015 and 2347 (2017) of 24 March 2017, remains alarmed by damage to cultural and historical property that occurred in Aleppo following the earthquakes of February 2023, affirms that attacks and looting intentionally directed against cultural property may amount to war crimes and a serious violation of international humanitarian law, underlines the need to bring the perpetrators of such crimes to justice, and calls upon the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, within its mandate, to review and closely monitor the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic for the preservation of cultural and historical heritage in the Syrian Arab Republic;

Notes with concern the significant increase in humanitarian needs throughout the Syrian Arab Republic, compounded by the lack of access to water and electricity, which continues to undermine the stability and security of the whole region, worsening the humanitarian situation and humanitarian actors’ ability to respond to humanitarian needs;

Stresses the situation of particular concern in north-west Syrian Arab Republic, particularly Idlib, strongly condemns the attacks on civilians and first responders and civilian infrastructure where ongoing violence, including air strikes, and attacks with uncrewed aerial vehicles, continues to cause death and injury among civilians and first responders, as well as devastating damage to civilian infrastructure, including healthcare and educational facilities, and welcomes the 2020 report of the United Nations Board of Inquiry mandated to investigate the destruction of and damage to facilities on the United Nations deconfliction list and United Nations-supported facilities;

Also stresses the urgent need for the immediate cessation of military hostilities in Idlib and the surrounding areas, for the prioritization of the protection of all civilians, including those displaced, and for full, rapid, immediate, unhindered and safe humanitarian access, including cross-border access, recalls the Additional Protocol to the Memorandum on the Stabilization of the Situation in the Idlib De-escalation Area, signed by the Russian Federation and Türkiye on 5 March 2020, and stresses the importance of continuing work towards preserving calm on the ground and creating the necessary conditions for the safe, dignified and voluntary returns of displaced people;

Calls upon all Member States, relevant United Nations bodies, international organizations and civil society to coordinate efforts with the Independent Institution on Missing Persons in the Syrian Arab Republic and proactively focus attention on the issue of missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, including those subjected to enforced disappearance, and recalls the importance of the full and meaningful participation of victims, survivors and their families in such efforts;

Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the resolution on the establishment of the Independent Institution on Missing Persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, supports its findings, takes note with appreciation of the terms of reference of the Institution and the steps already taken towards the full functioning of the Institution, and therefore requests an informal briefing from the head of the Institution on its initial operations and the progress it has made to help clarify the fate and whereabouts of missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic and support families of victims and survivors before 1 July 2025;

Urges all parties to the conflict to take all appropriate steps to promote the safety and security of United Nations and associated personnel, personnel of the specialized agencies and all other personnel engaged in humanitarian relief activities, including national and locally recruited personnel, in accordance with their obligations under international humanitarian law, without prejudice to their freedom of movement and access, stresses the need not to impede or hinder these efforts, recalls that attacks on humanitarian workers may amount to war crimes, according to Security Council resolutions 2175 (2014), 2286 (2016) and 2730 (2024), and notes in this regard that the Security Council has reaffirmed that it will take further measures in the event of non-compliance with its resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2234 (2015), 2258 (2015), 2286 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401 (2018), 2449 (2018), 2585 (2021) and 2642 (2022) by any Syrian party;

Urges the international community to support the leadership and full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all efforts aimed at finding a political solution to the Syrian crisis, as envisaged by the Security Council in its resolution 1325 (2000) and all subsequent resolutions of the women and peace and security agenda, and that all efforts to ensure a safe and enabling environment are taken to ensure that protection concerns do not compromise the participation of women;

Reaffirms that there can only be a political solution to the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, reiterates its commitment to the national unity and territorial integrity of the Syrian Arab Republic, and urges the parties to the conflict to abstain from actions that may contribute to the continuing deterioration of the human rights, security and humanitarian situation, in order to reach a genuine political transition, based on the final communiqué of the Action Group for Syria of 30 June 2012, consistent with Security Council resolutions 2254 (2015), 2268 (2016) and 2585 (2021), that meets the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people for a civil, democratic and pluralistic State, with the full, equal and meaningful participation and leadership of all women at all levels, where there is no fear of reprisal or intimidation for participation, and no room for sectarianism or discrimination on ethnic, religious, linguistic, gender or any other grounds, and where all persons receive equal protection, regardless of gender, religion or ethnicity, and further demands that all parties work urgently towards the comprehensive implementation of the final communiqué, including through the establishment of an inclusive transitional governing body with full executive powers, which shall be formed on the basis of mutual consent while ensuring the continuity of governmental institutions.

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