Assistance to Somalia in the Field of Human Rights

A/HRC/RES/60/28View PDF

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A document of the Human Rights Council, under agenda item 10Technical assistance and capacity-building, published in 2025.

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20 documents · 2008–2025

2025A/HRC/RES/60/28Assistance to Somalia in the field of human rightsCompare with earlier document
2024A/HRC/RES/57/27Assistance to Somalia in the field of human rightsCompare with earlier document
2023A/HRC/RES/54/32Assistance to Somalia in the field of human rightsCompare with earlier document
2022A/HRC/RES/51/38Assistance to Somalia in the field of human rightsCompare with earlier document
2021A/HRC/RES/48/22Assistance to Somalia in the field of human rightsCompare with earlier document

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1 entity

Extracted automatically from each entity’s budget submission.

What subjects does this mandate have?

6 topics

Human Rights Human Rights in Armed Conflicts Human Rights Institutions Reconciliation Somalia Technical Cooperation

What does this mandate say?

75 operative paragraphs

Welcomes the commitment of the Federal Government of Somalia to improving the situation of human rights in Somalia, and in that regard also welcomes:

The launch of the National Disability Agency’s five-year strategy and action plan (2025–2028) in December 2023 and the commitment of the Federal Government to entrenching the rights of persons with disabilities in social, educational, political and economic life through the passing of the disability rights bill, in August 2024, and other legislative mechanisms and through improving the collection of data on persons with disabilities, and in this regard further welcomes South-West State becoming the first region to enact its own Disability Rights Act, setting a regional precedent for disability protection;

The launch by the Federal Government in September 2022 of a national action plan for the implementation of the Somali Women’s Charter and Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) and subsequent Council resolutions on the women and peace and security agenda, which entrenches an unconditional commitment to gender equality, human rights and the empowerment and participation in decision-making of women, zero tolerance for sexual and gender-based violence, justice for all, women’s economic empowerment, reconciliation and peace for women at the centre of transitional justice, and the launch of the Somalia chapter of the African Women Leaders Network, which supports the implementation of the above-mentioned national action plan;

The retention of provisions to protect human rights in chapter 2 of the Provisional Federal Constitution as part of the constitutional review process, and encourages the Federal Government to ensure that the agreements made by the National Consultative Council are subject to broad consultations with technical experts, members of civil society, including women, persons with disabilities and members of minority clans, and to ensure that they are genuinely representative, that they follow due process through Parliament to enshrine these agreements and that full consideration is given to the long-term affordability of the model proposed;

The efforts of the Ministry of Women and Human Rights (now the Ministry of Family and Human Rights Development) to draft key human rights legislation, including sexual offences legislation and the child rights bill, encourages the Government to ensure that said legislation is subject to broad consultation with civil society, including women, persons with disabilities and members of minority clans, to ensure that it is genuinely representative and compliant with international human rights law, as applicable, and follows due process through Parliament, and in this regard commends the federal member state of Galmudug for becoming the first federal member state to pass legislation outlawing all forms of female genital mutilation;

The cooperation of Somalia with the Human Rights Committee and the presentation of its initial report under article 40 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, covering the period 2012–2020, and the spirit of transparency and cooperation in which the delegation of Somalia engaged with the Committee in the consideration of that report during its 140th session;

The submission of the initial State Party report to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural rights, overdue since 1992, on 11 July 2025;

The launch of the national reconciliation framework by the Prime Minister on 30 April 2024 in Mogadishu, which represents a pivotal milestone in the pursuit of peace, unity and progress by Somalia and acts as a guiding structure for the country’s reconciliation efforts, symbolizing hope and unity while laying the groundwork for a future defined by peace, prosperity and inclusivity;

The continued implementation of the national durable solutions strategy, fostering a supportive environment for internally displaced persons, refugees, asylum-seekers, returnees and vulnerable communities to access equitable solutions, and notes that the Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development, through its Durable Solutions Unit, in collaboration with federal member states and international partners, has launched an action plan to ensure that 1 million internally displaced persons can access sustainable, long-term solutions;

The development of the country’s first national digital inclusion policy, focusing on those in vulnerable and marginalized situations, who may include women and girls, youth, rural communities, the urban poor, older persons, persons with disabilities, internally displaced persons and refugees, as well as businesses, which mandates equitable access to information and communications technology initiatives, aiming for participation rates that meet or exceed national averages, and calls for legal and institutional changes to support full digital inclusion by 2033, proposing new legislation to integrate these groups into the digital economy;

The launch of the National Action Plan for Children in Somalia on 17 September 2024, which marks a pivotal step in the dedication of Somalia to advancing the welfare and rights of its youngest residents and details strategic initiatives focused on improving child protection, education, health and overall well-being;

The operationalization by the Ministry of Family and Human Rights Development of a comprehensive national mechanism for a reporting and follow-up policy that will establish a robust framework to ensure greater transparency, accountability and efficiency in addressing human rights issues and is designed to facilitate better coordination among various governmental and non-governmental entities, thereby strengthening the overall human rights infrastructure;

The passing, in March 2025, of the juvenile justice bill, which raises the age of criminal responsibility to 14 and shifts the juvenile justice system towards restorative justice, rehabilitation and social reintegration principles;

The forthcoming establishment of the Independent National Human Rights Commission of Somalia, and noting its inclusive composition, which meets the participation quota of women (at least three people) and persons with disabilities (at least one person), in accordance with Act No. 16 of 27 June 2016;

The passing of the Revised Somali Labour Code in December 2024, representing an important step by Somalia to align national labour standards with international human rights law, in particular International Labour Organization conventions, legislating 18 years as the age of maturity in domestic law for the first time, in line with the revised chapters of the Provisional Federal Constitution and international human rights standards, including provisions on the protection of children through age limits and restrictions on hazardous work, the rights of women through maternity protections and equal pay guarantees and the rights of persons with disabilities through non-discrimination safeguards standards;

The adoption by the Council of Ministers in January 2025 of the amendments to the criminal procedure code bill, marking an important step in the efforts of Somalia to strengthen the administration of justice and bring domestic legislation closer in line with its international human rights obligations, particularly in addressing existing gaps on fair trial guarantees, protections for women, including sexual and gender-based violence cases and the treatment of female prisoners, and the treatment of juveniles in the justice system;

Recalls the active engagement of the Federal Government of Somalia with the universal periodic review mechanism in May 2021, in this regard also recalls its acceptance of many recommendations made during the review, encourages the Government to implement them as a matter of priority, and looks forward to the review in 2026;

Expresses concern at the reports of violations and abuses of international human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law in Somalia, emphasizes that all armed actors should uphold respect for international humanitarian law and human rights for all and hold accountable all those responsible for such violations and abuses and related crimes, including those committed against women and children, and girls in particular, such as the unlawful recruitment and use of children in armed conflict, killing, maiming, rape and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence, including child, early and forced marriage and all forms of female genital mutilation and harmful practices, and also emphasizes the importance of children formerly associated with armed groups being recognized as victims;

Calls upon the Federal Government of Somalia, with the support of international donors and organizations, to strengthen reintegration programmes for children formerly associated with armed groups, ensuring that they are treated primarily as victims of offences under international law, and notes that these programmes should provide psychosocial support, education and vocational training to facilitate the successful reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and armed groups into society and that a national monitoring system should be established to track and prevent the unlawful recruitment and use of children associated with armed forces and armed groups;

Expresses concern that internally displaced persons, including those who may be in vulnerable situations, who may include women, children, young persons, persons with disabilities and persons belonging to minority and marginalized groups, are the most at risk of violence, abuse and violations;

Expresses deep concern at the increasing risk of civilian protection issues resulting from continued counter-al-Shabaab operations, and notes that all actors engaged in conflict have a responsibility to uphold their respective obligations under international human rights law and international humanitarian law, as applicable;

Expresses concern at any attack against, illegal restrictions imposed on or harassment of human rights defenders, civil society actors and opposition political actors, including journalists and media workers, especially in the form of harassment, arbitrary arrest or prolonged detention, emphasizes the need to promote respect for the right to freedom of expression and opinion and to end impunity, holding accountable those who commit any such related crimes, stresses the importance of the political neutrality of the police, and in addition encourages the Somaliland authorities to respect the right to freedom of expression and of peaceful assembly in line with international human rights law and to reconsider implementing the draft media law and 2018 sexual offences bill;

Also expresses concern at the situation in Laascaanood and surrounding areas where, following violent conflict in 2023, there are still combatants detained on both sides, notes that the situation continues to be fragile and that a resumption of hostilities or tension could result in a deterioration of the human rights situation, calls upon all parties to the conflict to exercise restraint and to refrain from provocative actions in order to de-escalate the situation on the ground and create the conditions for dialogue and peace, and also calls upon all parties to the conflict to uphold their respective obligations under international human rights law and international humanitarian law, as applicable, including those relating to the treatment of detainees, the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure, and humanitarian access;

Further expresses concern that those belonging to minority clans and marginalized groups, including women and girls, continue to be at the periphery of economic and political opportunities and decision-making in Somalia, and encourages the Federal Government of Somalia and its institutions to increase efforts to widen opportunities for their participation in public affairs, recognizing that women and girls belonging to minority groups continue to be more vulnerable to sexual and gender-based violence owing to poverty, marginalization and discriminatory attitudes;

Expresses concern at the signing into law in August 2020 of the amended 2016 media law and provisions of the 1964 Penal Code that do not comply with international human rights law, such as those providing for imprisonment as a punishment for media-related offences, and encourages the Federal Government of Somalia to consider repealing such provisions, including by decriminalizing the work of journalists under the Penal Code;

Also expresses concern about the large number of grave violations committed against children in armed conflict as identified by the Secretary-General and documented in his annual report, welcomes the delisting of the Somali National Army and the Somali Police Force for the violation of recruitment and use from the annex to the Secretary-General’s annual report, encourages further action to secure the delisting of the Somali National Army and Somali National Police for other grave violations, calls for the timely and full implementation of action plans, and demands that all parties to the conflict take appropriate measures to comply with applicable international humanitarian law and international human rights law;

Further expresses concern that the exposure and sensitivity of Somalia to ongoing global crises, including those relating to climate change and environmental degradation, are vast and structural, and that this vulnerability is a driver of fragility, conflict and humanitarian need, including hunger, which is reflected in the grave humanitarian crisis in Somalia and the wider region;

Encourages the Federal Government of Somalia, with the support of international donors and specialized United Nations agencies, to develop and implement climate change resilience programmes to mitigate the human rights and overall impact of climate change and environmental degradation on vulnerable populations, which should be focused on enhancing infrastructure in drought-prone regions, creating early warning systems and building sustainable agricultural practices, and underscores that the participation of Somalia in international climate change adaptation and mitigation initiatives should be strengthened to protect against future environmental risks;

Recognizes the efforts of those States hosting Somali refugees, urges all host States to meet their obligations under international law relating to refugees, and urges the international community to continue to provide financial support to enable host States to meet the humanitarian needs of Somali refugees in the region, to support the reintegration of those returning to Somalia when conditions are suitable and to support internally displaced persons in Somalia;

Also recognizes the efforts of Somalia, despite its own struggles, to accept and not turn its back on refugees from other countries in the region, in addition to the signing of the refugee and asylum-seekers bill, which outlines the rights of refugees and asylum-seekers in Somalia;

Calls upon the Federal Government of Somalia, federal member states and key political stakeholders, with the support of the international community:

To finalize a new constitution through inclusive and regular high-level dialogue at all levels, including the full, equal meaningful and safe participation of women and members of minorities, with a view to reaching political agreement among the Federal Government, all federal member states and the federal Parliament;

To strengthen the newly established Independent National Human Rights Commission, in accordance with Act No. 16 of 27 June 2016 and consistent with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles), including by providing adequate resources to enable it to monitor, investigate, report on and contribute to accountability and redress for violations and abuses;

To hold, in a transparent manner, timely, free and fair, one-person, one-vote elections at the federal member state and district levels at a time when such elections can be held;

To continue their cooperation with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Somalia and Head of the United Nations Transitional Assistance Mission in Somalia;

To encourage an inclusive and accessible approach to political participation at the Federal Government, federal member state and district levels by ensuring full, equal, meaningful and safe opportunities for women, internally displaced persons, persons with disabilities and persons belonging to minority and marginalized groups, and agreement on an electoral model that encourages inclusivity at all stages;

To realize their commitments to security sector reform, including by ensuring the full, equal, meaningful and safe participation of women in the implementation of the national security architecture, to ensure that Somali security forces and institutions comply with applicable national and international law, together with international human rights law, including on the protection of individuals from, inter alia, sexual and gender-based violence and on the prevention of extrajudicial killings, and to the strengthening of internal and external accountability of all relevant security forces and institutions;

To ensure, for continued international security sector support, that all security operations adhere to their relevant obligations under international humanitarian law and prioritize the protection of civilians, noting that security sector reform efforts should include specialized training for Somali security forces to prevent extrajudicial killings, ensure civilian oversight and build trust with local communities;

To strengthen the legal and operational framework for the protection of children in Somalia, including by swiftly implementing the Child Rights Act, considering becoming a party to the optional protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and expediting the legislative process of the bill on the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, recently endorsed by the Cabinet, to prevent the unlawful recruitment and use of children in armed forces of all types, to work with specialized organizations, such as the United Nations Children’s Fund, to ensure that children formerly associated with armed forces and armed groups, including those who may have committed crimes, are primarily treated as victims and also to ensure their full reintegration through family- and community-based gender-sensitive reintegration programmes and access to healthcare, including mental health and psychosocial support, and education programmes, in accordance with the Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces or Armed Groups, which have been endorsed by the Federal Government, and to identify those responsible for such violations and abuses and hold them accountable;

To implement the Safe Schools Declaration, which the Federal Government endorsed in October 2015, to ensure that education facilities, students and education personnel are protected;

To accelerate the adoption and full implementation of the recommendations and activities envisaged under the national action plan on women and peace and security in an incremental and consultative process, in close collaboration with civil society, to thereby strengthen women’s full, equal, meaningful and safe participation and leadership in decision-making, including in peacebuilding and socioeconomic progress in stabilization and rebuilding efforts for Somalia, in line with the Somali Women’s Charter, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) and subsequent Council resolutions on that issue;

To ensure that all legislation is compatible with international legal obligations, taking note of Security Council resolution 2664 (2022) of 9 December 2022, according to which the provision, processing or payment of funds, other financial assets or economic resources or the provision of goods and services necessary to ensure the timely delivery of humanitarian assistance or to support other activities that support basic human needs by the United Nations and certain organizations are permitted and are not a violation of the asset freezes imposed by the Council or its sanctions committees, as a model of best practices for relevant domestic legislation, including in Somalia, and to amend where appropriate existing legislation in the spirit of Council resolution 2664 (2022);

To review the amended media law signed in August 2020 in order to enable the media to report independently without fear of retribution in Somalia, to ensure its compliance with international human rights law, to accelerate the work of the special prosecutor for investigating crimes against journalists and to consider decriminalizing the work of journalists under the Penal Code;

To realize their commitments to ending the prevailing culture of impunity, to hold accountable those who commit human rights violations and abuses by ensuring prompt, thorough and effective investigations and by committing resources to reforming and developing the justice sector in a manner consistent with international human rights law, to increase the representation of women in the judiciary and to improve access to justice for women and children;

To support the Ministry of Family and Human Rights Development in facilitating the smooth passage of the sexual offences bill through Cabinet and Parliament, to ensure that any bill passed into law reflects applicable international obligations and commitments on the protection of all women and children, and girls in particular, and to implement it and other laws as necessary to combat sexual and gender-based violence, including child, early and forced marriage and all forms of female genital mutilation, while ensuring that those responsible for sexual and gender-based violence, exploitation and abuse are held to account, regardless of their status or rank;

To continue to acknowledge the importance of inclusive dialogue and local reconciliation processes for stability in Somalia, including in the context of the national reconciliation framework and process, and calls upon the Federal Government and federal member states to increase leadership and engagement in de-escalating tensions and engage in constructive dialogue;

To increase the support and resources allocated to the ministries and institutions responsible for the administration of justice and the protection of human rights, in particular the Ministry of Family and Human Rights Development at the federal and state levels, and calls upon donor partners to intensify their efforts in supporting the priorities identified by that Ministry, which are essential for achieving effective and results-based goals that align with the transition objectives highlighted in the present resolution;

To consider acceding to and ratifying the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide;

To realize the commitment made at the Global Disability Summit held on 16 and 17 February 2022, in particular by supporting the National Disability Agency in its work, in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and in consultation with organizations of persons with disabilities;

To harmonize national and federal member state-level political policies and legal frameworks with applicable human rights obligations and other commitments;

To treat former combatants in accordance with applicable obligations under national and international law, in particular international human rights law and international humanitarian law;

To implement the Nairobi Declaration on Durable Solutions for Somali Refugees and the Reintegration of Returnees in Somalia, adopted on 25 March 2017;

To promote the well-being and protection of all internally displaced persons, including from sexual and gender-based violence and exploitation and abuse committed by State or international military or civilian personnel, and from forced evictions, to facilitate the voluntary reintegration or return of all internally displaced persons, including the most vulnerable, in safety and with dignity, to ensure a fully consultative process and best practices for relocations and to provide sites that afford safe access to essential food and potable water, basic shelter and housing, appropriate clothing and essential medical services and sanitation;

To ensure safe, timely, sustained and unhindered access for humanitarian organizations, to recognize the acute vulnerability of internally displaced persons, to facilitate safe, timely, sustained and unhindered humanitarian access to people in need, wherever they are located in Somalia, and to safeguard the neutrality, impartiality and independence of humanitarian actors from political, economic and military interference, while remaining sensitive to the needs of persons belonging to ethnic minority groups requiring humanitarian assistance;

To regard primarily as victims those children who have been released or otherwise separated from armed forces and armed groups, in accordance with the Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces or Armed Groups, which have been endorsed by the Federal Government, and to cease detaining children on national security charges whenever doing so would be in violation of applicable international law;

Underlines the importance of the implementation of the mandates of the United Nations Transition Mission in Somalia and the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia throughout Somalia and the need to strengthen complementarity and coordination with the work of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights;

Commends the engagement of the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in Somalia and the facilitation by the Federal Government of Somalia of her visit in May 2025;

Stresses the important role of joint monitoring and reporting on the situation of human rights in Somalia by national and international experts and the Federal Government of Somalia and the vital role that those monitoring human rights can play in evaluating and ensuring the success of technical assistance projects, which in turn must be for the benefit of all Somalis;

Acknowledges the call by the Federal Government of Somalia to continue to implement the Somalia Human Rights Transition Plan (2025–2026) with partners to facilitate the implementation of the national and international human rights obligations and commitments of Somalia, including, where applicable, the human rights benchmarks developed by the Independent Expert, recommendations accepted as part of the universal periodic review process and other human rights commitments outlined in the present resolution;

Also acknowledges the need for a nationally led transition process towards greater engagement by the Federal Government of Somalia, through the Independent National Human Rights Commission and the national mechanism for reporting and follow-up, with the Office of the High Commissioner, the thematic special procedures of the Human Rights Council and other human rights mechanisms, with a view to advancing nationally defined priority areas of Somalia for capacity-building and technical assistance, in consultation with partners;

Calls upon the Federal Government of Somalia to work closely with the United Nations Transitional Assistance Mission in Somalia, international partners, the Office of the High Commissioner and civil society;

Acknowledges the call by the Federal Government of Somalia for increased technical assistance and capacity-building efforts to support the priorities of the Government in implementing its benchmarks and the recommendations accepted by Somalia in the context of the third cycle of the universal periodic review;

Also acknowledges the progress that Somalia has made and its cooperation with United Nations bodies, including the Office of the High Commissioner, the mandate of the Independent Expert since its creation in 1993 and other thematic special procedure mandate holders, further acknowledges that the situation of human rights in Somalia determines the action most appropriate for the Human Rights Council to take, and in this regard acknowledges that a nationally owned action plan, led by the Federal Government of Somalia through the Independent National Human Rights Commission and the national mechanism for reporting and follow-up, developed in consultation with partners and setting out steps for follow-up actions by the Council, consistent with the human rights commitments and obligations of Somalia, would lead towards deeper thematic engagement with the special procedures of the Council and with the Office of the High Commissioner;

Requests the Office of High Commissioner, in close consultation with the Somali authorities, to provide technical assistance and capacity-building to Somalia, with a view to improving further the situation of human rights in the country, to assist Somalia in the implementation of its international human rights obligations and commitments, taking into account the work done by the Independent Expert on Somalia, including the reports and recommendations of the mandate holders, where applicable, to support Somalia in promoting and protecting human rights and to assist Somalia in the implementation of:

Its national and international human rights obligations;

Human Rights Council resolutions and other human rights instruments, including associated routine reporting;

Recommendations accepted in the context of the universal periodic review;

Other human rights commitments, policies and legislation to promote the empowerment of women, youth and persons belonging to marginalized groups, such as minority clans, freedom of expression, assembly and association, the protection of the media and civil society, including women peacebuilders, access for women and members of minority groups to justice and accountability for violations of their human rights and the capacity-building of ministries and institutions responsible for the administration of justice and the protection of human rights;

Nationally owned human rights benchmarks and indicators to be developed by the Independent National Human Rights Commission and the national mechanism for reporting and follow-up, as part of the Somalia Human Rights Transition Plan;

Also requests the Office of the High Commissioner to assess, monitor and report on the situation of human rights in Somalia, in consultation with the Independent National Human Rights Commission, civil society and other relevant authorities;

Further requests the Office of the High Commissioner to present to the Human Rights Council at its sixty-third and sixty-sixth sessions a report on the implementation of the present resolution, both to be followed by an interactive dialogue;

Notes the role and mandate of the Independent National Human Rights Commission in monitoring, investigating, reporting on and redressing human rights violations nationally and in engaging with the Human Rights Council and other international human rights mechanisms in line with the Paris Principles, and in this regard invites the Office of the High Commissioner, in collaboration with the Federal Government of Somalia, to work closely with the Commission as part of its efforts to strengthen the Commission’s independence and effectiveness in carrying out its mandate in line with the Paris Principles;

Invites the Office of the High Commissioner to work closely with the Somali authorities, the Federal Government of Somalia and other relevant authorities at the national and subnational levels, with all United Nations bodies, including the United Nations Transitional Assistance Mission in Somalia, the African Union, the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and other relevant international organizations, civil society and all relevant human rights mechanisms;

Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Office of the High Commissioner with the resources necessary for the full implementation of the present resolution;

Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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